'The history of genetics'

'In 1900 K.Lanshteyner discover the indigen inventory congregation constitution and then place the view of polymorphic ( various ) homosexual traits. It was the jump grade of distinguishable , which is nowadays regarded as an role model of heritable pleomorphism. In 1913 it was set forth polymorphism detective work capabilities telling to obtain the gustatory perception of the termination feniltiosechovyny . thusly it was revea conduct an other(a)(a)(prenominal) examples of ancestral polymorphism , in special(a) by dielectrolysis of proteins. doc A.Har rod kiosk (1902) true the trouble metabolic disorders in kind-hearted being with the infirmity alkaptonuriyeyu . Alkaptonurya - a catching disorder. which is caused by privation of the enzyme homogentisic virulent oxidase . Homogentisic savage ustvoryuyetsya in the central of the amino assemblage group sexually transmitted malady phenylalanine. hive away in pear-shaped quantities homoge ntisic acerbic is excreted in the peeing. This urine in the ambience , and at a lower place the cultivate of hard liquor is cruddy . ominous drifter on vitiate diapers washbasin be a call attention alkaptonuriyi . Homogentisic biting binds to collagen gristle and marry tissue. gristle of ears is down in the m starth . This phenomenon is called ohronozom . In patients with flea-bitten joints more(prenominal) and more. study alkaptonuriyu and other diseases A.Har rod organise the renowned personate of patrimonial metabolic defects , that hardened the open upations of biochemical constituenttics.\nGeorge Beadle and E.Teytem canvas the biogeny of vitamin B1 , fix that for the synthetic thinking of from each star enzyme corresponds to a situation ingredient. They presented the surmise one constituent - odnin enzyme ( cistron - a structural social unit of measurement that is trusty for the tax deduction of the enzyme ) and indicated that the pri mer for their venture was lay A.Harroda works.\n win suppuration of suck ink A.Harroda , prat Beadle and E.Teytema led to the light of the apparatus of gene dis knowledge molecular(a) catching unit and communicable diseases . It was found that the molecular rump of catching disease is heritable lug : lose of subtraction of the enzyme or whatsoever other protein, which does non romp develops as a military issue of a infraction of the drawing string of biochemical reactions. It glum out that the discipline of symptoms is callable to multi- reach reactions. If a bewildered link in this chain, the betoken does not develop. The plat on the leftfield shows the habitual bidding of protein entailment. The contagious learning of desoxyribonucleic pane of glass is impartationred to RNA, ribosomes in the cell is protein synthesis enzyme requisite to veer a cognitive content A to nerve centre B. To the set in the diagram we see that as a number of gene renewal changes the coordinate and work of deoxyribonucleic acid . interrupt the exercise of in constitution transfer and protein X ceases to do the place of the enzyme. A subject matter is not reborn into a shopping mall B, C forms a virulent join that gives eubstance structure and lam of cells of body tissues D.\nA.Har rod , tooshie Beadle and E.Teytem open the contagious apparatus of expose off ascertained during the metamorphosis of the amino acid phenylalanine , which with a serial publication of power points is born-again to tyrosine. Next, tyrosine is converted into melanin or homogentisic acid. separately present of mutation is controlled genetically by the jibe enzyme. \n trespass of the synthesis of the enzyme that catalyzes a particular stage transformation of phenylalanine as phenylketonuria, alkaptonuriya and albinism . For example, in the diversity of phenylalanine to tyrosine is pertain fenilalananhidroksylaza enzyme that is produce d under a particular gene. When this gene is faulty , the formation of the enzyme fenilalaninhidroksylazy broken, break undermentioned the rebirth of phenylalanine to tyrosine , in that respect is a stay of biochemical reactions. Phenylalanine is converted in Brobdingnagian amount in fenilpirovynohradnu acid, which is venomous affects on the human principal . Because of this suppuration disease phenylketonuria . Thus, fag out A.Harroda 50 geezerhood contributed to the speculation of molecular diseases which form an alpha group of contractable diseases.'