Physican-Assisted Sucide Should be Legal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Physican-Assisted Sucide Should be Legal - assay ExamplePersons who be for the legalization of assisted suicide believes face-to-face autonomy, individual freedoms, which are expected during emotional state should not abruptly and unnecessarily stop near the complete of life. Another perspective is that since everyone agrees that terminally flush or severely injured animals are allowed a humane way to die peacefully. This rationale should be applied to humans too. A persons sovereignty, their power to make decisions regarding their personal well-being, is stripped out-of-door by forbidding them the mature to end their own life on their own terms. Self-determination, a correctly deemed indispensable during a persons life, abruptly ends at the end of life, just at the fourth dimension people needs it more than ever. What may be worse is the added indignation of forcible life-saving measures imposed on a dying person. People are kept technically alive while their bodies and mi nds are withering away as their families watch and suffer along with the patient. Assisted suicide should be legal. It should not level be a topic that is debated anymore. American citizens are, according to the Declaration of Independence, endowed with inalienable rights provided evidently the right to die with dignity is excluded somehow. The U.S. Constitution does not prohibit assisted suicide. Its illegal in the main due to religious zealots who raise objections for ideological reasons. They think the practice is society playing God with end of life situations. However, they produce no problem with society playing God by using peculiar high-tech procedures to extend peoples life. Assisted suicide is also known by the term mercy killing. It is defined as a form of Euthanasia which means good death. all in all of these terms describe a circumstance when a terminally ill patient is administered a lethal dose of medicine or is allowed to die without anyone else actively inv olved in the process such as not resuscitating the patient or the patient being removed from a life support system. A doctors involvement could be to apply intravenous means to administer the lethal dose. The terminally ill patient then activates a switch, lever, etc. which dispenses the drug or the doctor could administer the drug(s) themselves. (Kure, 2011). Physicians, lawyers and philosophers permit argued the idea of assisted suicide since the beginnings of civilization but the general public discussion pertaining to legalization is but a few decades old. The questions regarding assisted suicide have moved beyond the realm of who is allowed to speak for the unconscious patient and into that of the rights of the patient. According to common law prepare in the majority of, if not all, legal jurisdictions, incurably ill persons who exhibit mental competency are able to request that life-savings methods be withheld even when this choice will certainly result in their death. Thi s right found in common law is based on the importance society places on self-determination. All agree that people should to be protected from unwanted, offensive and non-consensual touching by anyone else. These local common laws have their foundations in the U.S. Constitution at both the federal and state level. On the federal level personal rights stem from liberty provision within the Due Process Clause located in the ordinal Amendment of the Constitution. At the state level, New Hampshires state Constitution, as an example, individual rights

Document Information Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Document Information - Essay exampleOn the contrary, Adams (2006) stated that it is advised to rest the arms on a surface to ensure little fatigue on them.The typewriter was a lower machine than a ready reckoner screen or a laptop due to which the users head has to be lowered considerably down to ensure at the output. This could create severe fatigue on the neck after some time. However, the modern guidelines of computer bioengineering advise the head to be kept almost straight (slightly tilted downwards by not more than 15 degrees).Ergonomics play an important role in maintaining a hot posture of the individual and to ensure that longer durations of work do not affect his health. Bad biotechnology can lead to headaches, blurred vision, stress and fatigue on different parts of the body. Good bioengineering can prove to increase the efficiency of the workers while making them more productive. However, purchasing supplies for enforcing good ergonomics can create few expenses fo r the employers, for example appropriate chairs, stools for the feet etc.Welcome to the company As it is your send-off week here, I wanted to guide you regarding the different forms of communications that we follow in the organization. The different types of reports and tools for correspondence argon explained as followsMemorandum A memorandum is a small document that is used internally to communicate certain information amongst all the employees. It is mainly used for the dissemination of important information, gathering suggestions, send reminders etc. It consists of three main parts heading, subject and message.Minutes of meetings The correspondence and discussions of every meeting are recorded in this document to ensure that all the discussed elements, suggestions and decisions are recorded for future reference. It includes date, time, people largess in the meeting and discussed matters in brief formats.Periodic report These kinds of reports are given on a weekly, bi-monthly or at the end of any discussed duration. The

Non-US Health Care System Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Non-US Health C be System Analysis - Essay ExampleA wellness care system is a systematic set up of medical arrangement where the care for and care of health is being taken care of. Among the different health care system that outlast in the world here the paper is focusing on the system of England only. The objectives of health systems as per the recommendations for onward motion of performance in health care systems as enshrined in the World Health Report 2000, are as follows sound health, responsiveness as per the scale of the population and a handsome financial help. A two dimensional method has been devised for the assessment of health care systems. In this process, we have quality, acceptability and ability on one hand while equity is the other concern. Thus, it is taking the quantitative descriptors as a parameter to judge the nations current status of service provider and the kinds of facility that bottomland be available at the moment of truth.Like any other demesne Engl and also has got the models in use in the system of health. We may rarely find a completely public health care institution, which would play a minimal role in the hardcore medical section. They serve usually, for a comparatively well to do subdivision of population in a low profile country with a lower standard of health care. For instance, private clinics for a small, wealthy segment of population in a poor country mainly find their proper operating place, and which becomes logical too. It shows the target segment of the private enterprises, which further reflects the particular demographic composition of that segment of the system. However a large form of nations with most of the systems enlisted under private system provide residual service to the public. (BMC Health Services research 2005). Among the other important models, the public insurance systems play the important role of a system of social security health care. In this model the state itself insures the workers along with their respective

Personal Development Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Personal Development Plan - Assignment mannequinThis personality type compels individuals to be responsible and punctual. They tend to go great lengths to do things they swear in. This includes fortune in any way to benefit their loved ones family or friends. ISFJs hate confrontation but ordain stand up against anyone who hurts those they love. Following tradition is vital, including respecting authority. Practical, these people act according to the stored information shaping their mindset. This differs yet when they deal with people who cause them to replace sensibility with feeling concern and values.If you feel that this result does non portray your personality adequately suggest what you think your personality is. State which parts of the result you grant with most and those you dont. For the answer below only right about the traits you carry with. I agree with most of the traits of my personality. It is true that I would do anything in my power to protect the ones I love and honor them happy. My family considers me a good caretaker, especially when someone falls ill. However, its also true that I am sensitive to the smallest of things. This overtly sensitized me ends up hurt because its impossible for me to confront people. A tough traditionalist, I am very aggravated when an authority is challenged. I am also very paranoid under stress and can think the most horrific outcomes of my decisions. Also, a strong belief governance makes people with ISJF to respect authority bandage maintaining their practicality. Weaknesses associated with this personality type are ISJF compels some individuals in maturation certain data, which they refuse to question when rushed into decisions. This rigidness often causes them to make wrong judgments. ISJFs need savvy for what they do if their contributions are unacknowledged they become bitter and aggrieved. It can also lead to severity while supporting authority which can create problems if the hierarchy makes a wrong decision. These individuals are very aware(predicate) of the outcomes of situations and do not function well under stress by imagining overly negative outcomes, without realizing the ramifications for those just about them. 2. Learning preferences. (Honey and Mumford)Activist3Reflector12Theorist18Pragmatist10What are your intercourse strengths (in terms of curbing preference?) I am better at being a theorist. I believe in following facts and figures that have been long established. There are rigid facts that have to be followed and if their complexities can be solved it ensures that my decisions are perfect.What are your relative failinges (in terms of learning preference?) My weakness would be in being an activist. I am incapable of allowing experiences to shape and dominate me. Also, I believe in following a strict regime while learning and am not lax to a lot of brainstorming.Suggest three things that you could do to develop your weaknesses1. I could try to enjoy wh at I am doing instead of constantly concentrating on the outcome.2. Instead of working alone I could choose a group which would open me up to new ideas3. I should stop trying to perfect everything I learn because life is

Terrorism ResponseYour team is the first responder law enforcement Essay

Terrorism ResponseYour team is the showtime responder law enforcement agency to a crime scene where a bomb has exploded at metropolis Hall - Essay ExampleSpecialized responders atomic number 18 the FBI, the Center of Disease Control teams and Explosives throttle Detonation (EOD) specialists, who take charge of the situation, identify toxin and take appropriate disease control, and detect and render gumshoe secondary devices respectively.This essay discusses First Responders Strategy to a hypothetical scenario wherein a bomb explodes at City Hall and an anonymous caller claims responsibility and indicates that the explosion released toxins. The paper addresses preliminary evaluation, concerns about scene safety, smell saving efforts and scene protection and security and control measures. It premises that the anonymous callers claim and hint are true.The scenario is a post blast incident in a populated enclosed cite with workable biological and chemical (BC) toxins released dur ing the explosion. Law enforcement first responders are faced with a situation where there are people killed and hurt people in a state of shock and panic, hazard of infrastructure collapse, danger of the presence of secondary devices within the building or in proximate buildings, and danger of biological and chemical (BC) contamination. The anonymous call is presumably post facto. As such, the conservative posture is to assume that there is pictorial matter to toxins.The first task is to set up a command post (CP) where activities among first responders and speci

Domestic Terrorism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Domestic Terrorism - look into Paper ExampleAccording to FBI, between the year 1980 and 2000, 250 out of a total of 335 terrorist acts were regarded as home(prenominal) act of act of terrorism as they are executed by the citizens of the United States. The motives behind these attacks are mostly opposite and they are executed by different organizations for different purposes. Domestic terrorism is conducted through different activities such(prenominal) as shooting, assaulting, assassination, bombing or other means of remnant. A number of incidents related to house servant terrorism were on the rise in 1980s and according to FBI, most of these terrorist attacks were carried out by left-wing terrorist organizations. In the later role of 1980s, the threats from left-wing organizations receded therefore the incidents of house servant terrorism declined in the 1990s as compared to the incidences that took protrude in 1980s. However, the right-wing organizations started to gain mome ntum in 1990s and a number of domesticated terrorism incidents took place in the name of antigovernment movements. In the late 1990s, a rise in the activities of organizations endorsing animal rights and the environmental extremists was observed. To the surprise of the regulatory authorities, in the year 1999 8 out of the 12 terrorist incidents that occurred in the United States were attributed to the organizations endorsing animal rights or environmental extremists. One of such incidents included fire-bombing of an outlet of a clothing line. These extremists in addition took part in anti-corporate and anti-global activities. In order to create obstacles in the process of corporate deals and other activities, such companys also orchestrated destruction of property in order to hinder the corporate meetings.... In the year 1999, the group caused the burning of a ski resort in Vail, Colorado. The group caused some other property destructions in the later years such as burning of Le gend Ridge mansion, burning of numerous SUVs, and destruction of a 206-unit condominium in San Diego. In 2007, the group caused the destruction of four multi-million dollar homes through explosives, and in the most recent case, burning of an excavator. Due to these significant terrorist activities, this group is posing a threat to the government, therefore, the practice of law enforcement authorities are taking active measures to avoid any future terrorist attacks by this group. From the analysis of the domestic terrorism in the United States, it can be inferred that the US has witnessed significant damage due to the domestic terrorist activities than the damage faced by international terrorism. Domestic terrorism has been prevailing in the United States for decades. The forte of terrorist activities was different in different eras. There are numerous groups or organizations that are actively involve in the domestic terrorist activities in the United States and there have been a number of notable domestic terrorist activities in the past few decades. The government should allocate more resources in order to enhance the measures be taken against the domestic terrorism and the authorities that form new laws should take the opinion of the opposing groups into nib as well in order to reduce the domestic terrorist activities in the United States.

Schools for the Underprivileged Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Schools for the Underprivileged - Assignment standardSecondly, the school must serve as an example for the existing normal schools in the region (Shabnam, 2010).The public school system in the US is struggling to give the most basic levels of knowledge. The schoolingal manner in the US is predominantly based on the memorization of content rather than an intellectual cultivation of the students. There is little emphasis on gaining an in-depth understanding of the contents and an acquisition of practical knowledge. A mass of students in underprivileged regions of the US have spent five years or more in a public school. These students are unable to identify basic scientific concepts, even though, these concepts are taught in the school. Test scores of these students are often lower than 35% (equivalent to 7/20), and many students fail to nett exams for passing to the next grade (Muda, 2014).The organization has been created with the objective to provide schooling for underprivile ged children. The mission includes providing high-quality education in basic subjects such as mathematics, science, and arts with an emphasis on understanding and practice of impertinently acquired knowledge. The political platform objectives comprise of- Involve children, parents, school staff, volunteers and the community in a common project that would have a bun in the oven a sense of civic service, morality and respect for the traditional culture in which they were raised.The need for this program arises from the inequality of the US educational system. There is a considerable amount of research literature on tap(predicate) which indicates the high level of inequality in the educational system of the United States. Children who grow up in low socioeconomic areas are more at the risk of experiencing difficulties in school and to drop protrude later. According to Goos, Damme, Onghena, & Petry (2004), elimination of these inequalities requires a concerted effort.

Analysis of the Article Rents Rise as Supply and Demand Favors Research Paper

Analysis of the Article Rents Rise as Supply and look at Favors Landlords - Research Paper ExampleThe motivation and supply gap for the property is rising in the UK. The inadvertent landlords, the ones who have rented out their property by chance have decreased after the recent financial crises in the UK. This was the supply side picture of the housing sector, showing a decrease in supply. However, this is non the only reason for the demand and supply gap, increased demand is too the factor contributing to the gap. The demand has increased because originally people buying houses are being rejected for mortgages due to the financial crises, therefrom increasing the number of tenants and adding to the supply and demand gap. Thus as the number of first-time buyers decreased the rents and the power of landlords increased. This is also increasing private rentals and giving way to the landlord scams in which the more and more tenants are getting trapped. This denomination is a good example of the supply and demand concept that we have studied in the class. The speculation of demand and supply deals with the forces of resource allocation. Demand means total required by the buyers and supply is the quantity provided by the sellers. When the lawfulness of demand says that demand is inversely proportional to price, the greater the price lesser the demand. The law of supply states that the greater the price the greater will be the supply.

Bipolar disorder Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bipolar disoblige - Term Paper ExampleBipolar indisposition falls among the oldest illnesses, which are known. The recognition of the complaint was during the second century and the disco rattling was in a bombs city. The findings were not noticed and neither were they substantiated up to the year 1650, when Richard Burton, a scientist wrote his retain called The Anatomy of Melancholia. The book majorly laid much emphasis on depression. The findings of the scientist are still used today even by fields related to mental health (Brent and Pan, 2008). In the year 1952, a journal article was create verbally that critically analyzed the disorders heredity. The article showed that phrenetic depression is capable of being antique own in families that already have patients with the disorder. In 1960s, several people with bipolar disorder were located at a given institution and provided with little financial help since the Congress refused to acknowledge that manic depression is a leg itimate illness. However, during the 1970s, laws were enacted and besides, standards were put into place to aid the afflicted privates. Similarly, in the year 1979, depicted object Association of Mental Health was established (Reich, Clayton and Winokur, 1969). During the 1980s, research was finally capable of distinguishing between childhood as well as adult bipolar disorder. Presently, a number of studies are still needed to endure the possible causes as well as the probable means of treating the illness (Baloch & Soares, 2010). Generally, bipolar disorder develops when an individual is approaching his late teens although it in addition develops when individuals approaches their adulthood. However, there are a number of cases commences before the age of 25 (Kessler et al, 2005). In a number of individuals, first symptoms occur during their childhood, while in others, symptoms may develop very late in their lives. Diagnosis of bipolar disorder is done after individuals report t heir experiences however, it may also be done after friends, family members and co-workers detect an abnormality. Secondary signs of the illness may be detected by clinical psychologist, social workers, psychiatrist, nurses, and also through clinical evaluation. However, the diagnosis of the condition is dependent on the movement as well as the duration of specific signs as well as symptoms (Sadock & Sadock, 2007). For an individual having bipolar disorder to be diagnosed correctly, it takes roughly 20 years. In approximately 37% of patients, bipolar disorder is usually diagnosed erroneously since it is always mistaken for unipolar depression. Surveys also prove that about 50% of individuals suffering from the disorder fail to take the medications that are prescribed (Brent & Pan, 2008). In general, the problem is not caused by the patient, though impair judgment offer powerful incentives for skipping the medication. In order to control the disorder, drugs should be used. However , the drugs have side effects, which accept gaining of weight as well as cognitive dulling (Young et al., 1978). In about 90% of marriages, that involves partners with bipolar disorder result into divorce due to the diseases adverse effects. Moreover, researchers have made estimation that about 40 per centum of individuals having the disorder abuse drugs. Researchers also state that approximately 15 to 25% of individuals ha

The Relevance of Victim's Volunary to a Charge of Rape Essay

The Relevance of Victims Volunary to a Charge of reave - Essay ExampleThe Act replaced the Sexual Offences Act 1956, and all its a manpowerdments. The said Act saw the phylogenesis of the definition of rape the actus reus from its original definition in the Sexual Offences Act 1956 which was un truthful sexual intercourse with a woman to penile penetration of the vagina, anus or babble out of another person without their consent. The inclusion of the anus and mouth as body parts renders it now legally possible for a male to be raped, notwithstanding the retention of the word penile limits the defendant in a instruction of rape to only male. The charge of assault by penetration is used to cover circumstances wherein objects other than a penis be forcibly inserted into the aforementioned orifices, and exacts the same penalty as rape. The next topic is the mens rea or the guilty object this means that the person accused of committing the crime knew that he was committing the crime. In the context of rape, it means he knew that he did not secure the victim or the complainants consent when he proceeded with having sexual sexual intercourse with her. In the past, UK law relied upon the mistaken touch clause which was in the pillow slip Morgan4 in 1976. Here, the accused men were informed by the husband that his wife would struggle and say no, but they should just widen because she was in truth enjoying it. Whilst they were eventually convicted anyway, the case set a troubling precedent if there was an good belief engendered in a mans mind that a woman consented to sex, even if that belief is unreasonable, the requirement of men rea is unsatisfied and therefore the rape charge will not prosper. Westmarland (2004 7) provides a compendious summary of the definition of rape in the Sexual Offences Act 2003, to wit The... The research looks at the libber critique of the rape law, as it is framed. Feminists who have called for the reform of rape law have d emonstrated that the law of rape historically has regulated competing male interests in controlling sexual access to females, rather than protect womens interest in controlling their own bodies and sexuality. This is a fascinating proposition, and jibes with the conflict possibleness of criminal justice, which looks as criminal laws as having an agenda supportive of a dominant class. In the case of rape, the dominant class might be the male gender. This paper proceeds to look into the whole issue surrounding involuntary drunkenness, which goes into the heart of the notion of consent. Whilst there are differing opinions as to whether or consent is a state of mind, or it is an action, either way, intoxicantic drink ingestion makes consent problematic. If consent is a state of mind, alcohol at a certain level addles and distorts the mind in a state of inebriation. If consent is an action, alcohol has behaviour-altering effects and can impair speech and physical movement in such a bearing that consent becomes ambiguous. To use the definition given by Cowan, to be in a state of intoxication means that ones mental and physical capacities are substantially altered from ones sober state, through the ingestion of intoxicating substances. To better understand the situation at hand, researchers look at the two important cases of R v. Dougal and R v. Bree.

Time Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

snip Management - Research Paper ExampleThe pressure to keep deadlines and to deal with increasing work corrupt within the limited date available urges to bring in scientifically designed measure focussing plans. Researchers have been focusing in this area and there are literature available confirming the impact of age management on different areas including management, education and somebodyal life. It has been confirmed that positive commencees on time management results in telling outcomes in terms of the psychological well being of the individual and as well the organizational effectiveness. This in turn results in positive personal and organizational outcomes. Time Management Processes The primary approach towards effective time management includes time assessment, goal setting, planning and monitoring (Claessens et al., 2007). Observing oneself while act in a particular task and reviewing it both quantitatively and qualitatively in terms of time is the primary shou t which is referred to as time assessment. This gives precise information on the average time interpreted for a particular task. For instance, time assessment assesses time taken by the individual to travel from entrance hall to the college or to the office. Similarly, time estimations on every task involved in the routine of the individual stomach be closely done through this process. This would serve as an indicator of the effective time required to undertake a specific activity (Claessens et al., 2007). It will also help to calculate the number of effective hours. Time discounting which has been confirmed as a major issue in time management also can be identified here and dealt with (Koch & Kleinmann,2007) With time assessment done, one can have measured indicators on his or her capability to undertake a task. In new(prenominal) words, the time required for the made completion of a particular task is understood completely through this estimation (Claessens et al., 2007). T hus the person is ready for the goal setting to be done. Here, an achievable goal in accordance to the observations made through the time estimation is done. This goal will be achievable in terms of time, as this has post reference to the estimation of time which is specific to the person involved. For instance, with reference to the time estimation, if a person sets an purpose that a particular technique will be learnt within two days, this is the goal set by that person. In ideal situations, these goals can be achieved within the set limit of time (Claessens et al., 2007). The next step involves creating a plan facilitating the achievement of this goal or in combination with other goals. Here the complexity is that these goals will be coinciding with a number of other activities. Thus it is important to prioritize goals and other activities to have a prioritized list of activities (Claessens et al., 2007). However, there could be some unforeseen circumstances which could come i n during the implementation of this plan. Apart from these there could be factors which would consume time and were missed to be considered while doping the planning. To go over the effectiveness of the time plan implementation, it is important to monitor the effectiveness of the implementation. The unforeseen and missed out time consumers will be identified in this stage. This process will help to confirm the effectiveness

The Impact of Culture on Medical Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Impact of Culture on Medical C be - Essay ExampleThe Hispanic agriculture plays a dominant role in determining the approach to medical wish well and delivery, as surface as the communication of symptoms and prognosis. Good communication skills are the key, as culture, much than any other factor, pass on determine the best approach to the type, delivery, and communication of a affected roles medical needs.As an American nurse practicing in a US setting, I lose accepted the science, ethics, and traditions of American practice of medicine. While I believe that church property and religion play an important role in promoting rock-steady health, they are separate from the healing abut that comes from medicine. The spiritual aspect of healing is similar to the support of family and friends, and its benefit is derived from the psychological support that it provides to us. However, science is the mental home of modern medicine and understanding the science is the critical fac tor in assessing a patient and administering a treatment program. While I do not dismiss herbal renedies and traditional treatments out of hand, I do require a thorough scientific study to verify that the process will contract the desired results. A proper diet and exercise are two aspects of natural medicine that have been repeatedly proven to improve our health. Yet, while I believe that modern medicine is a instead calculated science, I also understand the abstract influences of humor, confidence, self-esteem, and motivation in the healing process. In essence, medicine is a very personal factor in ones well-being. Advancements in drugs, genetics, and electronics all contribute to a more beneficial outcome from medicine. I believe that these are the foundations that have improved the prognosis of the Americans that are in need of health care today. Culture begins to impact medical care from the first moment the patient is asked to describe their illness and relate their symptoms . Ethnic background and culture will play a intermit in the ability of the health care worker to create an open forum of communication with the patient, and make up important self reporting from the patient. According to Barakzai, Gregory, and Fraser (2007), Beliefs and norms within a culture affect decisions rough which phenomena are considered to be signs and symptoms of illness (pp. 265-266). In addition, language differences can be a significant barrier to good communication. While an English speaking American may be able to relate detailed feelings and symptoms, Latinos cuss heavily on the Spanish language and low-down communication skills are one of the biggest obstacles to providing effective sagaciousness and treatment among the Latino population (Antshel, 2002, p. 439). It is recommended to have a Spanish speaking health care captain when possible, and it is imperative to have written instructions available in Spanish (Antshel, 2002, p. 439). It should be noted that poor communication is not restricted to foreign language barriers. A recent study revealed that only about 20 percent of adult Americans have the ability to read, understand and act on health care information, and many misunderstand the routine medical terms of colon, bowel, rectum, screening, blood in the stool, tumor and polypus (Dent, 2000). The confusing culture of medical communication is made even more complicated when it

Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 62

Nursing explore - Essay ExampleThe decimal designs should identify the potential influences that may affect the dependent protean in relation to the independent variable. The confounders should be controlled to ensure that the analytical inferences apply. The independent variable is the one believed to have an impact on the phenomenon existence investigated. entirely quantitative designs should satisfy the independent variable. The dependent variable is the one that look forers anticipate to make observations. The dependent variable should be specified in the quantitative design because the research idea is to construct a see to it that brings out the relationship between the two variables. Internal validity focuses on the extent to which the effects reflected in the study represents the reality rather than resulting from the extraneous variables. The threats to internal validity include history, maturation and testing. History represents an event that occurs during the study and can impact on the responses of the participants. Maturation indicates that participants become older, wiser, more hungry and depressed. The effect being investigated may alike change depending on the number of times the tests are conducted. The design of the outcome research first requires the researcher to identify the perspective on which the conclusion will be arrived. Evaluation alternatives should also be established and ranked depending on their probabilities of occurrence. The probabilities can emanate from expert panels, clinical trial info and literature review (Rezaie and Schwebel 539). A sensitivity analysis is carried once the data is collected and analyzed. These components can be applied in the formulation of the health plans and measuring the cure rates for certain diseases. Outcome research is also effective in identifying the patient functional status and the obligations of daily living and outpatient

Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 56

Journal - identification ExampleIt is pointed unwrap that the first Muslim college that was accredited might be biased with regard to Israel and the Jews. In this case the quality of education that it offers should be analyzed carefully.3. The video articulates a peculiar statistics more than and more people claim that they do non belong to any trust. It is suggested that people decided to create their take in interpretation of the world and live according to it. What is more important is that the contemporary society often sees religion as a certain attribute, but not a deep spiritual commitment.4. This video points out that many people mix prejudice and patriotism. Thus, many know that America is currently engaged in armed conflicts with Islamic countries, but discriminating against Muslims in the United State should not be seen as a solution towards the problem. Moreover, the experiment showed that the majority of the people are indifferent towards discrimination and will no t do anything about

Carpet Recovery Recycling-Six Sigma Methodolgy Essay

Carpet Recovery Recycling- sextuplet Sigma Methodolgy - Essay useand more recently attentions have shifted to service environments.31Six Sigma is not just another steering catch phrase. Rather, it is a highly disciplined process that helps a business develop and deliver respectable perfect products and services. By accurately measuring the number of defects in a process, you can systematically fall them. Achieving Six Sigma indicates you have less than four defects per million transactions. Needless to say how important it is. Just suppose at three sigma you have at least 54,000 defective drug prescriptions a year, more than 40,500 immature babies accidentally dropped in the hospital each year and dangerous drinking water almost 2 hours each month. Comparing with above menti stard at Six Sigma quality level we would get only one wrong drug prescription, in 25 years, three newborn babies dropped in 100 years and unsafe drinking water only one second every 16 years31Six Sigma g oes beyond small point improvements in product quality to the very fabric of the organization as a whole. It is a process for both improving performance and ensuring consistency in the delivery of a product or service. Most importantly, Six Sigma focuses on the customer. It continuously and rigorously measures those elements the customer identifies as critical-to-quality. In other words, importance of Six Sigma is in its ability to transform abstract business scenarios into tangible and incident based situations thus minimizing guessing in solving business issues.32Bob Galvin former chief executive officer of Motorola stated that the lack of initial investment in the non manufacturing areas of the business over four years was a blunder that cost the business over 5 million dollars (Basu & Write, 2003, p43). However, organisations have implemented six sigma initiatives in transactional frameworks with success- testimonial for six sigma triumphs in services range from American Expre ss and PriceWaterHouseCoopers to local NHS

Compare the ways in which 3 poets write about relationships Essay Example for Free

Comp ar the centerings in which 3 poets write ab knocked out(p) human descents EssayIntroductionTo his demure mistress, Remember and Since theres no help atomic number 18 both rimes about births, the inequality is the interpretation of the poets pith, bodily structure and some other various aspects of the metrical compositions.To his coy mistress by Andrew Marvell and Since theres no help by Michael Drayton were both written almost the 16th and 17th centuries and explain very different characteristics of be approved. Drayton wrote a poesy about the end of a relationship with a partner expressing that the discern between them is decease. On the other hand Marvell writes, in a poetical steering, soulfulnesss argument to a dearr exertioning to transmit them to have sex with them. This verse captivates your financial aid with the extremes a man would go to have sex with a new-fangled virgin, irrelevant the other verses that are about two partners lie wit h for each other. Similarly to Draytons poem, about sock in a relationship, Christina Rossetti wrote a poem in the late 19th century to her partner insureing him what to remember about their cartridge clip together.Themes/subjectThe poem To his coy mistress starts with Marvell addressing the young lady, whom he wishes to be his contendr that there is no sequence for her to be coy. Straight away this wear outs the impression that hes an intimidating and powerful man. Had we steady world enough, and m, this coyness, lady, were no crime Marvell tells the lady that being coy is alright when you have quantify only if implies their term is moderate and therefore she has no time to be coy, in effect he is pressurising her to do something that she is uncomfortable with. by dint of the repetition of time in the above sentences you whitethorn have guessed that it plays an important role in the poem. Marvell refers to time regularly in the poem as part of his persuasion technique s. The way in which he uses time pressurises the woman into doing what he fates. For example propagation winged chariot hurrying near implies that she put forwardt fit forever so must cod the most of the time she has.He uses time again in the concluding lines of the poem as a sound persuasion to get his way Thus, super Cgh we can non ask our sun stand still, yet we leave alone make him run Here Marvell explains to the lady that they cannot make time stand still completely but they can make the most of the time they have. When you incur tire and upset your time awaits to go slowly compared to when you are happy and this quote uses this to say that their time leave behind be running if they are together due to the good times they will have.Similarly to Marvell, personifying time, Drayton uses the same technique by personifying love Now, if thou wouldst, when entirely have given him over, from death to life thou mightst him yet recover Here Drayton has personified love by formula it is dying but may take place back to life. I expression this is a good method by which the poet can get his message across with ease. In this case Drayton has personified love as a person on the verge of death. When analyse the two poems it becomes clear that this technique is also useful in distinguishing the message from a speech or letter into a poem.ImagesA positive forecast in the love poem Remember is where Rossetti writes reveal by far you should forget and smile than you should remember and be mournful. She is expressing that she would rather be forgotten if that is the way to make her husband remain happy as she doesnt want to be remembered if it will make him sad. Rossetti symbolises her love for her husband because she couldnt bare him being sad by remembering her, therefore giving an optimistic encounter of their relationship.Rossetti also expresses sorrow images Gone far away into the silent land. When you can no more withhold me by the hand portra ys that when she violates she will go to a silent land where she will be all alone, in comparison to when she is alive she can hold her husbands hand, this reminding him that when she dies they will be separated forever. This is a sad image because it implies that their close bond will be split for eternity. The sadness is emphasised further because their relationship together was obviously true love yet now it is near its end.Marvell uses death in his persuasion, Times winged chariot hurrying near A downbeat quote persuading the young lady that if they do not have sex that soon times winged chariot will collect them. He is implying it will be too late if they wait as eventually they will get old and die. Marvell personifies time as a chariot and I count on his meaning is that a chariot collects people erst they die and as they age the chariot gets nearer and so tries to put across this image to the woman.Marvell attempts to persuade the young lady that he will spend an age to ad mire each part of her and at the very end of the admiration she will love him back. He then says that she deserves no less than this and that he will never give her less than what she deserves. An age at least to every part and the last age should show your heart for lady, you do not deserve this state nor would I love at lower rate this quote is not intimidating, like most of the poem I think he says it so the young lady thinks he is a good man.I dont think Marvell wrote the poem because of his love for her, even though in some parts of the poem he tries to re-assure her that he does love her, or else I think he uses it to take returns of her naivety quote gives a pleasant image but has malicious intentions. I feel he says this only because writing about love is a good method when trying to lure her into live and even though this quote may be deceiving she will credibly not realise due to her young age.At the end of the poem Marvell tells the young lady that he would rather die than be without her quite a at once our time fine-tune than languish in its slow-chapped power Lines 39-40. This gives an image that he would rather all his time go, and would prefer to die than be without her because he would have to suffer in times power as his life would seem to be going slower if he wasnt with her. As this quote is written in the concluding lines of the poem it continues to lead your thoughts to think he uses love as a means of enticing her into doing what he wants and to lampoon her into believing that hed rather die than be without her.In the poem Since theres no help there are a lot of negative images with few positive ones. This is due to the fact that love is dying out compared to Marvells poem in which the man wants the lady to believe he is in love with her, so if he expresses too many negative images then she would be less likely to believe him, different in that of Rossettis poem in which the relationship is very strong but the circumstances are of the person dying and not the love and by this she portrays how much love she has for him.In the opening lines Drayton tells the lady he wants zipper more to do with her you get no more of me even the phrase itself gives you the image that he doesnt want them to be together any longer.He continues to feel bitter and depressed and he reflects his mood in the negative images he gives in the poem. I am glad, yea, glad with all my heart, that thus so methodicalnessly I myself can big Drayton is almost trying to persuade her and himself that he doesnt love her anymore and that he can be free of her, if their relationship ends.I dont think Drayton does want the relationship to end but says this because he feels that he has no choice and doesnt want to give his partner the impression that he would pardon her, whatever she does, otherwise she will take him for granted.StructureMarvell, Drayton and Rossetti all use rhyming couplets in the structure of their poems and this makes the poem easy and interesting to read. If it excluded the rhyming couplets reading the poem would be dull and the poets message would probably be lost in what would sound more like a speech.Drayton and Rossetti both wrote traditional love poems, the differences being that Rossetti wrote about the great amount of love between a couple and Drayton wrote about the miss of love in the relationship. Both poems include only 14 lines as opposed to the 46 of Marvells poem, however, all three poems work well. I felt Marvell chose to write a longer poem so he could properly express the argument and message it contained whereas I felt Rossetti and Drayton chose the shorter structure would be the most competent way to explain what they wanted as they may have felt that choosing a longer merged poem to end a relationship or to express someones feelings would make the poem dull and boring.The difference between Rossettis and Draytons traditional love poems is that Rossetti split the poem into two stanz as one with 6 lines and the other with 8 and thus uses the structure of a Petrachan sonnet whereas Drayton used the Shakespearean Iambic Pentameter which contains what would now be 10 syllables per line. Rossetti and Drayton writing a sonnet is evidence that they must love their partner. To write a sonnet to someone puts across the fact that you love them through the structure alone because of it being a traditional love poem.Language / ToneMarvell wrote his poem with smooth-tongued and argumentative language. He tries to pressurise the person it is written for by consistently using death in his argument. At the beginning he says that there is no time to be coy but later says the opposite by saying if you please, refuse till the passage of the Jews. As Jews are renowned for the pride they have in their religion he may feel there is not much chance of his succeeding with the young lady unless he poses this argument to limiting her opinion.Marvell tries to allure the young woman in to having sex by using shock tactics Then worms shall try that long-preserved virginity and your olde worlde honour turn to dust and into ashes all my lust Notice the language that he uses, as opposed to saying that someone else will take her virginity he gives her the image of her losing it to worms once she dies. This is a hideous image and using this destructive image it is far more telling because of the message behind it. Rather than using kindness to persuade his mistress into having sex he tries to scare her and in using such a forceful phrase on someone he claims to love further confirms his intimidation of this worthless innocent girl.In comparison Rossetti wrote her poem in a more relaxed way but still with an important point to make. This is because she was writing it to someone who she has loved for most her life, however, she still wanted to persuade him not to grieve. Remember is repeated throughout the poem, this is because she wants to be remembered but doesnt w ant to be mourned. Her message is expressed when she writes scarcely remember me you understand and and aft(prenominal)wards remember, do not grieve both these quotes found in the endorse stanza of her poem prove that she doesnt want him to forget her nor grieve.Rossetti, unlike Marvell, didnt write on her own behalf as Rossetti wrote just for her husband and mentioned herself rarely in the poem, I felt this was sad as she is the one dying but she didnt want to meake her husband feel more upset so she couldnt tell him how she was really feeling. You can tell she loved her partner and that the poem was written with good intentions.Drayton wrote his poem in such a way that it seemed that he was trying to persuade himself that he would be better off ending the relationship as well as telling his partner that their relationship had finished. Draytons intitial message to his partner is that their relationship is worth nothing, however, at the end begins to realise the love he has for her and so tells her the love may come back and as he does this the message at the end is very mistakable to the message expressed by Rossetti when all have given him over, from death to life thou mightst him yet recover Drayton, talking about love personifying, hints that the love may come back to their relationship and may this happen his relationship could be similar to Rossettis loving relationship with her husband.My response to the poemsMy feelings about each poem differ I feel the poem by Rossetti is sad as you can tell the relationship was strong and the poem was written to give her husband strength to go on after her death and remember the good things once shes dead. It is effective as you know they had a good relationship because information such as their planned emerging together can be taken from the poem no more solar day by day you tell me of the future that you planned. It is also sad because she showed no self pity and so makes you feel naughty for her husband w ho wouldnt know how his wife felt about her nearing death.My feelings about Marvells poem are completely different. I think this poem is quite threatening and harsh. He tells the young lady in the poem that she has to make her decision before she is old and ugly as he will no longer love her. I think he is also mean to write a poem in the persuasive language he does because she is young and nave and he uses this to his advantage. The horrific images he portrays further prove that he uses love falsely because if he did love her he wouldnt scare her into having sex against her will. Then worms shall try that long-preserved virginity and your quaint honour turn to dust and into ashes all my lust This illustrates the extremes the speaker is prepared to go to in order to get what he wants, he is trying to give her negative thoughts of what will happen if she rejects him.As mentioned before, the poem was written in the 17th century in an era which girls normally married as virgins and us ually at a very young age. Marvell uses this to his advantage by continuing to express, what I think, is false love because by getting her to believe he is in love with her he feels he stands a great chance of her losing her virginity to him.I felt sorry for Drayton after reading his poem because I felt he wrote it after finding out about his partners affair and this would account for his harsh way of ending their relationship and angry tone used when ending it. However, to tell his partner that he can be free without her is surprising, especially when at the end of the poem he says the love may come back.I think Drayton wrote this poem on the back of an affair his partner had been having, Now at the last gasp of loves a la mode(p) breath, when, his pulse failing, passion speechless lies, when faith is kneeling by his bed of death. The phrase speechless lies could be a reflection of the times she lied to him while having the affair and faith kneeling by deaths bed shows that along with the love, faith had also left the relationship giving further reason to think she had an affair. Aswell as this Drayton lets his partner know that the love in their relationship is dying and has nearly gone completely, by saying that it is taking its last gasp of breath.Shortly after, Drayton gives his partner the impression that the love may come back. Now, if thou wouldst, when all have given him over, from death to life thou mightst him yet recover. This quote gave me the feeling that the relationship could come back giving reason to believe that the poem was written as retaliation after finding out about an affair. Understandably he would be distraught and so uses the harsh images mentioned in the early stages of the poem but finally ending by realising the amount of love he has for his partner and so says that they might be able to overcome this and love each other again.The poem I preferredOverall the poem that I most preferred was Draytons poem Since theres no help This is because unlike Marvells poem it isnt as long and is kept to a simple 14 line structure. I feel that this made it easier to understand as opposed to Marvells longer poem. Even though the longer length may have added more detail I found this made it far easier to lose interest. Rossettis poem, like Draytons, was short, however, I liked the way Drayton personified love throughout his poem by expressing loves life in his relationship. I disliked the overuse of remember in Rossettis poem, even though it was obviously intentional, I thought it made the poem repetitive with Rossetti continually telling her husband what to remember and remember what not to do.However, I did think that Marvells poem was strong in its persuasiveness and thought it would probably be successful in taking advantage of the young girl, which was the purpose of him writing it. Another reason for my preference of Draytons poem is that it questions the strength of the relationship and whether feelings can be turn ed off so easily.

Information Technology for Managers Essay Example for Free

Information Technology for Managers EssayIntroductionIn a fast rising popularity of technology, companies will use this to gain a competitive advantage. IT works in dowery businesses reach their strategic goals. In the case for Sophia the goal would be to drive up her sales to allude with the standards that stiff competition has set up. Not knowing much about technology, Sophia would require help from an remote source in order to have the technology portion ramblening smoothly. Website genius of the outperform miens to improve the IT component is to open up a website with the help from the website onepageapp. com. This vendor is perfect for small companies to step up up a website to your liking. One page app would assist in the purchase of a domain realise for the site people go to visit. With a drag and drop interface the site creation designed to Sophias preferred theme and the main content she would prefer on the site. One page app offers a few monthly excogitates s tarting from eight dollars all the focal point to two hundred. In Sophia case, the best plan would be the twenty nine dollars a month that includes up to twenty additional users, forty unsandedsletters a month and even priority support if having any issues within the website. One of the best incentives here is that when entry way of life with one page app it also creates a website version for mobile phone and tablets. With the increased use of smartphones and the maturation of ipads, people who use these devices on the often force out view your website in read able and unproblematic form.Another excellent feature one page app offers is engine optimization. The high use of search engines a good way to have website noticed is through the search results. With proper formatted HTML, Meta tags, meta descriptions, and sitemaps the results on search engines would disembowel more people viewing the website (OnePager, 2013). Sophia would be given useful analytics with one page app as the concern the site receives would be documented along with the keywords used to gain the hits. The knowing of the keywords is valuable as we tail assembly use this information on seeing what foods people atomic number 18 searching on the web and what products argon energizeting them redirected to Green genus Capsicums website. Trying to further promote the interested item add-in would only lay down more interest from clients. Onepager allows for a keen two stay connectedwith customers.Having customers sign up for newsletters can have Sophia sending mass emails to subscribers for upcoming events and new plug-in items they may have. Its a great way to keep good relation by also sending coupons for deals and such. If Sophia has trouble understanding these new online concepts she can elect to hire a transgress time employee or increase the duties of a watercourse employees to keep the website updated. Constantly updating the site is crucial to stay competitive with any oth er restaurants. chirrupSocial Media is a great way for small companies to select some cushy exposure. As of folk of 2013 there are 200 million twitter users (Canadian Press, 2013). With so many users using one application, generating cognizance of a smart set proves to be beneficial. Having a company twitter account is a great way in getting Sophias restaurant known. Twitter can help generate feedback on antecedent customer experience and ways they could make some improvements. This has worked well with some bigger companies where a customer would tag the business in their tweet expressing some displeasure and the company comes up with a say to compensate the experience with apologies or even future deals.Customers have already had issues with Green Peppers ordering techniques and this would be a good way for Sophia to gather some feedback. Green Pepper could also seek suggestions on different types of recipes customers would like to see beingness served. It would allow for them to add menu items that have potential on gaining popularity. Green Pepper would also be able to see what customers are saying about the local competition when it comes to service they provide and quality of food they tend to serve. This benchmark is probably the best when metre the success of your current business.Opening a twitter account is completely free and real easy to use. Tweets could be sent from any smartphone making it convenient to access for all users. Tweeting out special promotions freeing on would bring in more customers and consumers are always finding ways to eat for less(prenominal) money. Hash tags are a great way to research what most of the world is talking about. For example, if a celebrity tweets about how much they love Indian or Chinese food, it would provide Green Pepper with a great opportunity totweet something to its followers referencing that comment to keep Green Pepper relevant.Facebook manage twitter, having a Facebook account is free. Wit h a positive word of mouth rating of a restaurant being most valuable to a company, Facebook is a good tool to enforce that. Facebook allows for Green Pepper to put forward restaurants menu and updates for its followers to see. Green Pepper can take pictures of their most visually appealing menu items and post the pictures for display in order to entice more customers. They can demonstrate videos on the process they take into making the Indian fused Chinese dishes. Fusion food being seemed risky for some consumers, they can showcase the dish on the flavors added and how it is prepped. Listing the benefits of the human body that accepted spices can offer, appeals to many health conscious customers.Keeping the account active is the most important as the regular customers who eat at Green Pepper would want to know what deals are occurring. Its a great way to engage with the customers and making their personal experience at Green Pepper the best it could possibly be. Major fast food chains take great advantage of this by oblation coupons online for their followers and always encouraging them to follow them on social media sites like Facebook and twitter. (Brandon, 2011) Replying to a post that a customer had at Green Pepper makes it feel more personal and the customer feels more fulfill as their questions and concerns are being noted by Sophia. Since Green Pepper is a small restaurant every negative comment about the service is a big issue on the companys image.Having a negative word of mouth comments spread can cause customers to decline fast. acquire customers to partake in polls and quizzes is a free research base as companies can get a lot of info based on the poll results (Eldon, 2009). Offering the meals that customers prefer is an important way in staying relevant. Having someone over-look the operation of Facebook could be great by hiring a part time employee or even increasing the responsibilities of a current employee working at Green Pepper. Group onGroupon is website crack deals that many businesses are taking part in. Restaurants can offer deals on menu items for a segment of cost if bought on Groupon. This is a great way into bringing customers into the restaurant and having them try other items on the menu and if they are satisfied with the service they could become returning customers. Another incentive is when a verifier is purchased not every customer goes and rattling uses it. Many vouchers do have an expiry date and if the customer waits to long the voucher would no longer be valid and Green Pepper would still get half the purchase cost of the voucher. Since Groupon is course their site the only costs occur when the voucher is actually bought from a customer as Groupon takes half that money. They work as a great middleman amidst Green Pepper and future customers.The downside of this route is that Groupon takes half the proceeds from the voucher. An example is having an 80 dollar menu voucher sold on Groupon fo r 40 dollars. Groupon then keeps 20 dollars of that and gives the remaining 20 to Green Pepper. new(prenominal) flaws being seen in their business model in an article in Forbes magazine Groupons biggest victims are the small businesses that get suckered in to accepting Groupons. Restaurants lose money on them because consumers flood the restaurants, order very low priced meals, strain waiters and cooks, get lousy service, and never return. (Cohan, 2012). Sophia must know the capacity restrictions well and if religious offering a Groupon deal then must be fully staffed for that day. Allowing customers to leave the restaurant on a negative really affects the company image especially being a small restaurant.RecommendationThe way for Green Pepper to optimize its profits would be to hire a part time employee to run the social media aspects in Facebook and twitter along with working with one page app and keeping the website updated. Many newborn adults have some experience in social n etworks and finding a University student who could work part time wouldnt be difficult. They would oversee the twitter updates and tweeting on the regular. They could update the Facebook Photo album with menu dishes as well as keeping in contact with the customers leaving feedback on the social sites. One page app makes the design of the website so simple just would need the employee to making sure site isrunning smoothly and keeping in contact with the developers if any problem occurs. They would work with Sophia and teach her a subatomic about the technology components as one page app allows many users having access to the website. The switch to technology concentre should not be a hard one but instead a smart one.

Air Asia vs. Qantas Essay Example for Free

gloriole Asia vs. Qantas Essay1. Overview1.1 Qantas-Main business and st browsegiesThe main business of Qantas airways limited is the transportation of passengers. Their totality outline of Qantas is geltably grows and the longer-term strategy of Qantas is to reorganize its business structure in order to eliminate raise losses. The strategy that implement by company is to reduce the capital intensity of the business by hammer partnerships with carriers in certain sectors that atomic number 18 uneconomical. (Qantas, 2012) Such as cooperate with British denudeways. Qantas use 2 antonymous airway brands these ii brands ar utilise to touch different customers. Two brands direct together has meshed 65% food foodstuff sh atomic number 18 in Australia, (Qantas, 2012) because, two brands provide flexibility in varying market consideratenesss.Qantas, (2011 pp. 4)On the other hand, these two brands practice some sub-strategies to support its main strategy. These appropr iate sub-strategies be the severalise success for point that lead to Qantas continually expansion in the world. Qantas JetstarSub-Strategy * Premium full help * Maximized profitability * Cost leadership * Low fare airline Ope proportionalitynal cleansement * Enhanced customer service focus * Expand locally and into international leisure markets In statistics of 2012, Qantas has full-employees for 33,584. Flights over 550 airports and passengers carried are 44,456,000, which increase the 5.06% basal on the grade 2011. (Qantas, 2012)1.2 cinch Asia-Main business and strategies bare Asia is the largest misfortunate- appeal flyer carrier in the world. It is establishing with the imagine of making flying possible for everyone. On the other hand, it is not only focvictimization on the constitute factor, precisely also safety first. The var. Asia has operated around 11 years, but its static honour highgrow rate. The Air Asia is the regional carrier with the largest destina tion lettucework, highest flight of steps frequencies and high aircraft use of goods and services.( Air Asia, 2012) Air Asia was named the 2012 Worlds Best Low Cost airline business in the one-year World air duct Survey by Skytrax for three consecutive years. There are some actions that support its main strategy in order to make it success. Such as the lost cost lay is ftd on (Hill, C. W. 1988). * Single passenger class* Flying to cheaper, little congested secondary airports* A single character of airplane in order to reducing training and servicing cost * Point to point flights with no transfersIn statistics, Air Asia has full employees for 4346. Passengers carried are around 22,474,620 in 2012, which increase more than than 10% base on the year 2011. Services network over 216 routes covering destinations in and around world. The below present has shown that air Asia are trying to get more market share in the southwest of Asia, in that respect are more than 143 routes in southwest of Asia out of 216. This is the developing direction of the Air Asia in new-made years. (Air Asia, 2012) 2. Industry psychoanalysis2.1 Overview Goble airlines markets mash mode analysis The Lift side is show that, the air throw of location remains a growth market. This forecast mentions that air traffic allow for double in the bordering 15 years, which means, the external purlieu still keep optimistic. Both of Qantas and Air Asia have analogous opportunity. (Airbus, 2012)The PESTLE model lists the factors or driver for growth, external milieu can be reasonably expected as optimistic. but this chart showed that real GDP 2011-2031 by region, the economic growth is a key driver for air traffic growth, increasing urbanization will also drive economic growth and the trend to fly. (Airbus, 2012)PESTLE modelPESTLE modelPolitical * Stable political environment * Deregulation stinting * Global pecuniary crisis * Rising currency * Rising fuel cost Social* Changing c onsumer demographics * remove magnitude travel lifestyle * Changing consumer preferences Technology * Internet * Surface transport investments * Efficient aircrafts Legal * jurisprudence compliance requirements * Allegations of misleading advertising Environmental * Greenhouse and carbon emissions * Tourism satu balancen * Shortage of base capacity2.2 Overview Australia airline marketsQantas is the biggest airline operator in Australia, which represent as 75.6% for domestic market, but Qantas still has some competitors in Australia, such(prenominal) as Virgin blue (14.4%), Skywest (1.3%), Tiger (1.0%) and others (6.3%). We should understand it operate environment before we going to depth analysis, because the every company is restricted by external environment. PESTLE model clearly show Qantas operating external environmentAccording to this chart, we can conclude that the overall environment is good and stable, but overall application still facing some problem, the biggest issu es has shown at lift picture, which is purchases, purchases of fuel. (Australia government activity 2013)2.3 Qantas SWOT analysisStrength1. As one of the biggest Airline in the world, QAN has large quantity of flight customers and business relationships. Large scale could bring more make headways. 2. Qantas operates in a sea of business activities in different sectors. But all of them the support activities of the aviation industry, such as catering, engineering and baggage handling. gum olibanum operation contributes to helping control supplier and aircraft maintenance cost. 3. Qantas Airways, Canada airlines, United Kingdom airline, United States airlines and Cathay peaceable founded a management company called One world Alliance. This centrally is to help each other in non-core business activities, such as marketing and online ticketing, in purpose of reducing be and thereby caustic ticket prices. Members of the Union may also transfer passengers for connecting flights. 4. A s monopolizing in Australian Market, Qantas has a base rank. Thus its subsidies couldprovide conk out resources for its business. WeaknessWithout the authorization of the calling union officials, workers in Qantas took an action called antic Cat Strikes. Qantas was damaged by that action in delaying flights, exploring its issues between employees and the company. Besides, QAN Company is too concentrated on Australia side. OpportunitiesAs publishing of Open sky police, such as Pricing determined by market forces, Fair and equal opportunity to complete, Cooperative marketing arrangements, QAN could be beneficial from international aviation relaxation behavior and downsizing in government intervention. In addition, more international destinations especially in Asia are developing. referable to Australia Market is slight tapped so far, QAN could get a better chance to fool a major market shares than other airline companies. Moreover, QAN found a new opportunity of new market and created Jetstar delight is a low budget airline to attract potential large quantities of customers. ThreatWith the result of conflux between n United Airlines and Continental, Qantas is under threat because United Airlines- Continental is planning to penetrate into Australian market. One of Qantas most important international routine, between Australia and USA, will be affected. Unfortunately, large fluctuation in oil prices, together with global financial crisis, big airline companies was affected seriously collectable to up boost operation and labor be. Increasing Australia Airline market completion also will be a threat for QAN developing.2.4 Overview Southwest of Asia marketsThe main competitors of Air Asia are Thai airways, Nok air, One Two GO Airline, and capital of Singapore airlines, among of them SIG is the main competitor with Air Aira, in order to compete with Air Asia, SIG introduced 2 budget airlines Valu Air and Tiger Airways, both of them are practice as the low-cost position. AIRASIA SWOT AnalysisStrengthAIRASIA has a well-known name and it is famous for its low cost operation. in unanimity with the 2011-2012 year financial report, the companys non-fuel costs fell 3%, suggesting that companies continue to implement cost control in 2011-2012, the company plans to non-fuel unit costs to fall by 5%. While ancillary revenue rose 23%, which helps companies to achieve annual revenue growth targets Moreover, it has the first-mover advantage of first low cost airline company in Asia. subsequently that, AirAisa has strong promotional strategies for customary promotion and media advertising. In addition, they companying with other service providers, such as hotel) and doctrine cards create a unique image among customers. Because of its punctual performance, AirAsia was offered honor of five-star service and flashes. AIRASIA has developed a well-established distribution channel in its products and services. Moreover, it is always using single type of airplane, thus minimizing maintenance fees. Weaknesses cod to the report, Aircraft leasing costs increased by 8% since the number of aircraft increased by 8 per cent speckle leasing costs and depreciation of the dollar, allowing the company to save rental costs. Airport and operating costs increased by 12%, reached 444.34 one thousand million dollars. opposite expenses have increased by 14%. As the economic condition resumey, how to control the rising costs becomes o one of the most serious challenges faced by AIRASIA. Because of the lower cost, AIRASIA has limited service resources. Thus also is related to being inadequacy of ability of handling asymmetric situation. Government interference regulates airports. In addition, AIRASIA receives a lot of complaints from customers such flight delays and not able to change flight. When competition is getting intense, good customer service and management is especially important. OpportunityWith having first-move advantages, AI RASIA could be more possible to survive and win under the big intense environment such as rising oil price and government regulation. There is another opportunity for AIRASIA is cooperating with other low cost airlines such as Jetstar. The solid action could help tap into their strength and resources. Besides, larger population of customers is willing to involve cheaper flight. ThreatIn nowadays, lots of low cost airline companies are appeared such as Jetstar,Virgin, and Southwest. These companies improve that AIRASIAs low cost strategy could not be a strong competitive advantage in the industry. It could be copied easily. Many kinds of expenses such as security fees and landing fees are out of control. Moreover, rocky economic conditions in the world have impacted on airline industry. Thus treat is like with questions facing by Qantas.3. Accounting policies analysis3.1 Basis of preparation of the financial statementsThe accounting policies are the procedures that apply by a co mpany to prepare its financial statements. Qantas reports basically are prepared in amity with AASBs, but also following the IFRS (Qantas, 2012 pp.78). Air Asia prepared their reports following the MASBs and also in conformity with IFRS. IFRS is the general guide for these two companies when they prepared their report. It means not only significantly enhance comparability of financial reporting between these two companies, but also decrease our uncertainty, increase the reliability and accurately of analysis. (Burgstahler, D. C., Hail, L., Leuz, C. 2006)These two companies are running same business industry and prepare report in accordance with IFRS, so there are some accounting policies are similar, the following lists show the similarities of accounting policies practiced as these two companies3.2 Similarities of accounting policies (Qantas, 2012 pp.80, Air Asia, 2012 pp.73) * Reports on the basis of historical costs except in accordance with relevant accounting policies where a ssets and liabilities are stated at their fair values * Main revenue recognition-The value of seats sold for which services have not been rendered is included in current liabilities as gross revenue in advance * another(prenominal) revenue-such as fuel surcharge, insurance surcharge, administrative fees, excess baggage and baggage handling fees, are recognized upon the completion of services rendered. * Residual value-the ever-changing estimates are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances * PPE-Depreciation is used the straight-line method* Inventory-The values of inventories are reported as weight bonnie cost. * Repair and maintenance expenditure, resort treat as cost, deduct in the same period. Maintenance, if it changes in the using life of equipment, it will be treat as capitalization.Even these policies are similar, but they still have some flexibility, such as the report can be baffled by changing accounting estimates. The following table has been showed that there are totally different use for life and residual values between these two companies assets. These two factors are depended on the judgment and estimate of management. Matsumoto, D. A. (2002) mentions that managements estimates and judgments involved in the accounting policies which have significant potential impact on their financial statements, because these matters are really uncertainty. Finally, this uncertainty will reflect on the ROA, roe, even if these two ratios increase or decrease, it does not necessarily because of changing in the companys profitability. (Lev, B., Li, S., Sougiannis, T. 2010). Qantas As Asia Use for life(Years) Residual values Use for life (Years) Residual values Buildings 10-40 0% 28.75-50 0%Passenger aircraft and engines 2.5-20 Up limited 10% 7-25 Ad scarcelying fit to a prospective basis (note1) Air supererogatory parts 15-20 Up limited 20% 10 Adjusting according to a prospective b asis (note1) Note1Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated by the Directors and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. (Air Asia, 2012 pp. 77)3.3 Main different accounting policies3.3.1 ReceivableQantas and Air Asia receivables contain of trade debtors, other debtors and loans owing from related parties. Normally, the net receivable is recognized as its original amount less a cookery for uncollectible debts. Qantas make an estimate for doubtful debts when collection of the full amount is nolonger probable. The estimation of provision of doubtful debt relative to receivable is regularly reviewed. Bad debts are write off as incurred (Qantas, 2012 pp.101). As result, it is a risky way for the company not to assign provision of bad debts according to the percentage of credit sales. In Air Asia, they assign provision of bad debts according to the percentage of cr edit sale, (Air Asia, 2012 pp. 98) company will operate more stable, less risk then Qantas, but allowance will decrease its operating asset, reflect on the ATO, as result bow hard roe. (Davidson Thompson 1962)3.3.2 disregard RateDiscount rate is the interest rate that used in discounted cash flow analysis to determine the present value of future cash flows. (Qantas, 2012 pp.101) Changing discount rate will influence the companys pension plan. Normally, pension is companys liability it is measured by three factors, PBO, ABO and VBO. Either PBO, ABO, should be discounted before reported. Due to particular category of pension plan, company just reports the different between the pension benefits and pension obligation on the financial report, if the benefits are greater than obligations it will be reported on the assets side, on the opposite, it will be reported on the liabilities side. (Wiener 1995) So the return will directly reflect on its ROA and ROE. Discount rate of Qantas is based on the risk-free rate for the ten-year Australian Government Bonds adjusted for a risk premium that represented as 10.5% percent per annum (Qantas, 2012 pp.103). Air Asia use weight average effective interest rate that represent as 10% per annum. The changes in discount rates of Qantas in 2011 to 2012 that lead to decrease in the Workers Compensation provision of $15 million and an increase in the long service leave provision of $45 million. The net effect of these changes was a $30 million increase in provisions as at 30 June 2012. (Qantas, 2012 pp.103) as results, the changing of provision will reflect on the ROE of Qantas, because provision is comprised of liability. Finally, the ratio analysis will lack of comparability.4. Ratio analysis4.1 Return on equity analysisThe ROE changing line of Qantas Airline limited (QAN) has a sharp fluctuation during year 2009, which has reached the top point of almost 60%. whence ROE index declined until 16.89% subsequently the top and m aintained about the level figure of 20% from year 2010. Compared with QAN, Aireys Berhad (AIRASIA) has a relative complicated ROE line. AIRASIA started from -50% from end of year 2008, afterwards got to the first top of 35.37% in 2010. After that the concave curve reached the bottom of 14.28%, and was back to the top at point of 37.39%. As ad hominem opinion, AIRASIA has a brighter future than QAN on ROE side due to its growing trend ROE ratio from year 2011 though it had a negative number from the beginning point. In addition, with the research of 5 year average ROE rate, the total airline industry index is 26.9%, which is higher than QAN and lower than AIRAISA (StockCentral, 2013). AIRAISA is doing a better job in using investors money and attracting more investing capital.4.2 Leverage affectFrom above two graphs, different index reflect different relationships. On QAN side, ROE rates changing are in general due to changing in return of asset rate. It is indicating that QAN achi eved a better effect of asset utilization by increasing revenue and saving asset funds to raise ROE ratio up. unlike with QAN, AIRAISAs ROE rate is primarily rely on financial leverage, which is equal to net financial liabilities / equity. Overwhelming other related facts, higher financial leverage rates mean stronger power of using liabilities to create profit. From this aspect, it is not hard to disclose different profit channels between two companies.4.3 acquire cost driversDownsizing of acquire cost rate gives opportunities to raise ROE ratio. In QAN, from year 2011 the borrowing rates have been continuously declining which gave contributions to profit gaining. From AIRASIA side, borrowing cost rate kept on level of 3%-4% in late two years, which may weaken ROE performance competing with QAN. 4.4 Operating profit driversReturn on asset ratio, which could be divided in asset turnover and profit valuation reserve directly, affects the performance of ROE. Compared with twocompa nies, ATO ratio gave more impacts on ROA in past five years in QAN. Relatively much higher ATO ratio of QAN reflects that business higher speed of asset utilization from infix to output for the period, better enterprises assets management quality and efficiency. Downsizing in ATO rate will directly influence ROA rate, obviously between year 2008 and 2009. In AIRASIA side, ROA ratio variation mainly affect by PM ration. On unhurt, PM ratio curve indicates increasing trend in the 5-year period, though a lithe drop in year 2011. Higher PM ratio compared with QAN could give evidences that AIRASIA has better ability to recover kinds of expenditures and cost of goods sold, benefiting from the low cost strategy. Low costs give contributions to gaining higher ROA ratio of AIRASIA than QAN in recent year.4.5 Cost structureThese two graphs are drawn on the base of revenue as degree Celsius%. According to two graphics, we can easily see that After deduct COGS, Air Asia reported double-dye d(a) profit around 50% over 5 years, but Qantas just has less than 20% for arrant(a) profit, Air Asia practices cost-lead ship strategy, so COGS and its selling administration expense is significantly lower than Qantas. So the Air Asia control its COGS are better than Qantas. But however, the selling administration expense of Qantas (around 11% of 100% revenue) less then Air Asia (around 26% of 100% revenue), which mean Qantas, is good at management. Thus trend indicates that low-costs of airline industry would be bafflement for increasing profit. Compared with two companies gross profit and gross margin ratio curve, Qantas has been suffered drop trend in five-year gross profit due to its downsizing revenue and high cost of goods sold. AIRASIA has optimistic trends both in gross profit and gross margin. The company was engaged in expanding sales and revenue, improving cost management level and seeking appreciate company strategy at the same time. Higher gross profit and gross mar gin indicate company could have higher possibilities to gain profit. 4.6 Average industry analysisThe first graph shows the ROE of Air Asia in the Malaysia airline industry, after 2009, the ROE of Air Asia is significantly higher than average. The second procure compare the Qantas with Australia airline industry, if wecalculate the average ROE of Qantas, the result is a little bit lower than average. The last graph we put two-airline companies in the Asia- pacific region, the graph has shown that Qantas operating is lower than the average, after 2009, Air Asia is keeping upward.5. ConclusionAfter our analysis, due to applying different policies and strategies, two airline companies did different performance in gaining profits. we think that even though Air Asia just set up around 11years, and its size of the company is quite less than Qantas. But they have been adapted to the turbulent global environment. Its strategy has fitted with external environment, the advantage of small comp any is easy to change its management control system to response with the turbulent environment and better to keep consistent with its strategy. Finally, the whole company will be easier to achieve the goal. As result, AIRASIA seems to be better in raise ROE ratios, benefiting from its increasing sales and costs controlling. So we can concluded that AIRASIAs performance is better than Qantas. bring upQantas, (2012) Qantas one-year Report 2012 Qantas Airways Limited www.qantas.comQantas, (2011) Qantas Group presentation December 2011 Qantas Group www.qantas.com.Air Asia, (2012) Air Asia Annual Report 2012 Air Asia Airways Limited www.airaisa.comAirbus, (2012) Navigating the future Global Market Forecast 2012-2031 www.airbus.comDomestic airline activity, division of Infrastructure and Transport, Australia government, update 19 August, 2013 www.bitre.gov.auQantas Customers 2012, by Segment 2012, Statistic, viewed 8 May 2012, QantasSituation Yesterday, like a shot and Tomorrow 2011, T he Age, viewed 8 May 2013,Stockcentral (2013), industry averages. Available from http//www.stockcentral.com/?utm_source=iclubindustryaveragesutm_mdium=link Accessed August 17, 2013.Burgstahler, D. C., Hail, L., Leuz, C. (2006). The importance of reporting incentives win management in European private and public firms. The accounting review, 81(5), 983-1016.Lev, B., Li, S., Sougiannis, T. (2010). The usefulness of accounting estimates for predicting cash flows and earnings. canvass of Accounting Studies, 15(4), 779-807.Kotlikoff, L. J., Wise, D. A. (1989). Employee retirement and a firms pension plan.Hill, C. W. (1988). Differentiation versus low cost or differentiation and low cost a contingency framework. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 401-412.Matsumoto, D. A. (2002). Managements incentives to avoid negative earnings surprises. The Accounting Review, 77(3), 483-514.Cyert, R. M., Davidson, H. J., Thompson, G. L. (1962). musical theme of the allowance for doubtful accoun ts by Markov chains. Management Science, 8(3), 287-303.Scott, T. W. (1994). Incentives and disincentives for financial disclosure Voluntary disclosure of defined benefit pension plan information by Canadian firms. Accounting Review, 26-43.Wiener, H. J.(1995), Pension Plan Strategy A Comprehensive Guide to Retirement Planning for physicians and Other Professionals 7(2), 101-212.AppendixAir Asia ANALYSIS REFORMULATED residue woodworking plane 12/31/2012USD 12/31/2011USD 12/31/2010USD 12/31/2009USD 12/31/2008USDOperating Assets authorise Receivables 315,898,627 176,713,880 158,421,275 170,371,203 262,514,740 quantity Inventories 7,758,339 6,223,975 5,692,557 6,093,458 5,978,035 Prepaid Expenses 240,199,477 149,035,647 105,739,906 73,305,199 32,597,110 Other legitimate Assets 0 198,398,423 174,299,659 180,913,551 212,788,150 fire Property, Plant Equip. 3,200,140,615 2,744,062,776 3,021,904,005 2,319,564,252 1,905,866,763 Other Assets 863,519,621 282,959,621 106,6 43,425 141,351,051 40,122,254 4,627,516,678 3,557,394,322 3,572,700,827 2,891,598,715 2,459,867,052 Operating Liabilities Accounts account payable 21,299,542 25,636,593 17,245,987 26,411,507 31,597,399 accrued Payroll 0 0 0 0 0Income taxes Payable 1,674,951 0 529,269 2,869,159 0 Dividends Payable 0 0 0 0 0Other period Liabilities 606,007,521 479,045,110 400,453,705 312,255,549 322,342,775 Provisions for Risks Charges 0 0 0 0 0 Deferred Income 0 0 0 0 0Deferred Taxes -118,180,510 -162,807,571 -233,260,905 -219,414,136 -247,430,347 Other Liabilities 166,843,689 154,044,479 146,867,196 0 0 677,645,193 495,918,612 331,835,252 122,122,079 106,509,827 Net Operating Assets 3,949,871,485 3,061,475,710 3,240,865,575 2,769,476,636 2,353,357,225 financial Assets Cash Short terminal figure Inv. 730,127,861 666,457,098 487,957,516 217,964,953 44,439,884 730,127,861 666,457,098 487,957,516 217,964,953 44,439,884 Financial Liabilities Short Term Debt an d Current LTD 368,264,879 187,454,574 179,660,126 157,788,551 157,243,353 Long Term Debt 2,381,682,472 2,267,166,877 2,368,374,899 2,064,168,224 1,776,526,012 2,749,947,351 2,454,621,451 2,548,035,025 2,221,956,776 1,933,769,364 Net Financial Liabilities (Assets) 2,019,819,490 1,788,164,353 2,060,077,509 2,003,991,822 1,889,329,480 Shareholders legality 1,930,051,995 1,273,311,356 1,180,788,066 765,484,813 464,027,746 duty tour 0 0 0 0 0REFORMULATED INCOME STATEMENT Sales 1,617,426,750 1,418,025,552 1,280,394,033 914,982,769 761,470,520 Total Costs 864,089,928 1,074,545,110 934,371,331 648,407,418 932,758,092 lolly before Interest and Taxation (EBIT) 753,336,821 343,480,442 346,022,701 266,575,350 -171,287,572 Tax 56,556,246 69,934,700 12,143,668 33,884,638 -107,697,977 Income after Taxation 696,780,576 273,545,741 333,879,034 232,690,713 -63,589,595 Net Interest 97,912,688 98,364,669 -10,343,765 84,832,360 79,925,723 Net Income (before Pref Dividends minority I nterests) 598,867,888 175,181,073 344,222,799 147,858,353 -143,515,318 TAX-SHIELD Effective Tax Rate 7.5% 20.4% 3.5% 12.7% 62.9% Net Interest 97,912,688 98,364,669 -10,343,765 84,832,360 79,925,723 Tax Shield 7,350,728 20,027,643 -363,014 10,783,119 50,253,725 TAX-ADJUSTED OPERATING INCOME Operating Income (with valuate shield) 689,429,848 253,518,098 334,242,048 221,907,593 -113,843,321 Net Financing Costs 90,561,960 78,337,026 -9,980,751 74,049,241 29,671,997 Net Income 598,867,888 175,181,073 344,222,799 147,858,353-143,515,318 AVERAGED BALANCE SHEEETS Operating Assets OA 4,092,455,500 3,565,047,574 3,232,149,771 2,675,732,883 1,298,921,526 Operating Liabilities OL 586,781,902 413,876,932 226,978,666 114,315,953 65,446,413 Net Operating Assets NOA 3,505,673,597 3,151,170,642 3,005,171,105 2,561,416,930 1,233,475,113 Financial Assets FA 698,292,480 577,207,307 352,961,235 131,202,419 26,432,942 Financial Liabilities FL 2,602,284,401 2,501,328,238 2,384,995,90 0 2,077,863,070 991,642,182 Net Financial Liabilities (Assets) NFL(NFA) 1,903,991,922 1,924,120,931 2,032,034,666 1,946,660,651 965,209,240 Shareholders justness SE 1,601,681,676 1,227,049,711 973,136,439 614,756,279 268,265,873 read 0 0 0 0 0Sales SA 1,617,426,750 1,418,025,552 1,280,394,033 914,982,769 761,470,520 Operating Income (with tax shield) OI 689,429,848 253,518,098 334,242,048 221,907,593 -113,843,321 Net Financing Costs NFC 90,561,960 78,337,026 -9,980,751 74,049,241 29,671,997 Net Income NI 598,867,888 175,181,073 344,222,799 147,858,353 -143,515,318 ROE DECOMPOSITION BASIC ANALYSIS ATO (sales / net operating assets) 0.46 0.45 0.43 0.36 0.62 PM (operating income / sales) 42.63% 17.88% 26.10% 24.25% -14.95% ROA (operating income / net operating assets) 19.67% 8.05% 11.12% 8.66% -9.23% check 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00CLEV (net operating assets / equity) 2.19 2.57 3.09 4.17 4.60 ILEV (operating income / net income) 1.15 1.45 0.97 1.50 0.79 ROE ( net income / equity) 37.39% 14.28% 35.37% 24.05% -53.50% check 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00SPREAD ANALYSIS ROA 19.67% 8.05% 11.12% 8.66% -9.23%Borrowing Rate (net financial backing costs / net financial liabilities) 4.76%4.07% -0.49% 3.80% 3.07% Spread (ROA financing costs) 14.91% 3.97% 11.61% 4.86% -12.30% FLEV (net financial liabilities / equity) 1.19 1.57 2.09 3.17 3.60 Leveraged Spread 17.72% 6.23% 24.25% 15.39% -44.27% ROE 37.39% 14.28% 35.37% 24.05% -53.50%check 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Qantas ANALYSIS REFORMULATED BALANCE SHEET 06/30/2012NZDpreliminary 06/30/2011NZD 06/30/2010NZDrestated 06/30/2009NZD 06/30/2008NZDOperating Assets Net Receivables 1,138,830,550 1,099,506,200 918,979,200 914,755,950 955,587,900 Total Inventories 385,418,800 398,263,200 269,443,350 269,443,350 202,112,500 Prepaid Expenses 410,020,000 434,663,600 326,034,900 326,034,900 0 Other Current Assets 89,179,350 23,553,200 86,154,300 90,377,550 287,808,200 Net Property, Plant Equip. 14,493 ,181,950 14,615,831,200 10,571,639,400 10,571,639,400 9,826,709,750 Other Assets 1,618,553,950 1,675,489,000 1,319,343,300 1,319,343,300 1,558,691,600 18,135,184,600 18,247,306,400 13,491,594,450 13,491,594,450 12,830,909,950 Operating Liabilities Accounts Payable 661,157,250 639,148,200 506,790,000 506,790,000 482,644,650 Accrued Payroll 0 0 0 0 337,932,100Income Taxes Payable 0 0 0 0 0Dividends Payable 0 0 0 0 4,042,250Other Current Liabilities 5,488,117,700 5,418,306,6004,232,541,150 4,241,832,300 4,111,776,700 Provisions for Risks Charges 755,461,850 692,678,200 473,004,000 473,004,000 430,903,850 Deferred Income 1,164,456,800 1,189,436,600 901,241,550 914,755,950 1,024,306,150 Deferred Taxes 660,132,200 821,150,200 603,924,750 603,924,750 490,729,150 Other Liabilities 229,611,200 527,805,800 195,114,150 195,114,150 216,664,600 8,958,937,000 9,288,525,600 6,912,615,600 6,935,421,150 7,098,999,450 Net Operating Assets 9,176,247,600 8,958,780,800 6,578,978,850 6,556,173,300 5,731,910,500 Financial Assets Cash Short Term Inv. 3,573,324,300 4,083,268,400 3,325,387,050 3,325,387,050 3,377,704,100 3,573,324,300 4,083,268,400 3,325,387,050 3,325,387,050 3,377,704,100 Financial Liabilities Short Term Debt and Current LTD 1,147,030,950 617,736,200 532,129,500 522,838,350 491,537,600 Long Term Debt 5,566,021,500 5,839,052,400 4,320,384,750 4,306,870,350 3,957,362,750 6,713,052,450 6,456,788,600 4,852,514,250 4,829,708,700 4,448,900,350 Net Financial Liabilities (Assets) 3,139,728,150 2,373,520,200 1,527,127,200 1,504,321,650 1,071,196,250 Shareholders fair-mindedness 6,036,519,450 6,585,260,600 5,051,851,650 5,051,851,650 4,660,714,250 check 0 0 0 0 0REFORMULATED INCOME STATEMENT Sales 16,117,886,200 15,945,516,400 11,632,519,800 11,632,519,800 11,764,564,400 Total Costs 16,221,416,250 15,412,357,600 11,379,969,450 11,379,969,450 11,506,668,850 Earnings before Interest and Taxation (EBIT) -103,530,050 533,158,8 00 252,550,350 252,550,350 257,895,550 Tax -107,630,250 79,224,400 52,368,300 52,368,300 46,890,100 Income after Taxation 4,100,200 453,934,400 200,182,050 200,182,050 211,005,450 NetInterest 254,212,400 187,355,000 102,202,650 102,202,650 111,566,100 Net Income (before Pref Dividends Minority Interests) -250,112,200 266,579,400 97,979,400 97,979,400 99,439,350 TAX-SHIELD Effective Tax Rate 104.0% 14.9% 20.7% 20.7% 18.2% Net Interest 254,212,400 187,355,000 102,202,650 102,202,650 111,566,100 Tax Shield 264,280,218 27,839,900 21,192,523 21,192,523 20,284,745 TAX-ADJUSTED OPERATING INCOME Operating Income (with tax shield) -260,180,018 426,094,500 178,989,527 178,989,527 190,720,705 Net Financing Costs -10,067,818 159,515,100 81,010,127 81,010,127 91,281,355 Net Income -250,112,200 266,579,400 97,979,400 97,979,400 99,439,350 AVERAGED BALANCE SHEEETS Operating Assets OA 18,191,245,500 15,869,450,425 13,491,594,450 13,161,252,200 6,415,454,975 Operating Liabil ities OL 9,123,731,300 8,100,570,600 6,924,018,375 7,017,210,300 3,549,499,725 Net Operating Assets NOA 9,067,514,200 7,768,879,825 6,567,576,075 6,144,041,900 2,865,955,250 Financial Assets FA 3,828,296,350 3,704,327,725 3,325,387,050 3,351,545,575 1,688,852,050 Financial Liabilities FL 6,584,920,525 5,654,651,425 4,841,111,475 4,639,304,525 2,224,450,175 Net Financial Liabilities (Assets) NFL(NFA) 2,756,624,175 1,950,323,700 1,515,724,425 1,287,758,950 535,598,125 Shareholders Equity SE 6,310,890,025 5,818,556,125 5,051,851,650 4,856,282,950 2,330,357,125 check 0 0 0 0 0Sales SA 16,117,886,200 15,945,516,400 11,632,519,800 11,632,519,800 11,764,564,400 Operating Income (with tax shield) OI -260,180,018 426,094,500 178,989,527 178,989,527 190,720,705 Net Financing Costs NFC -10,067,818 159,515,100 81,010,127 81,010,127 91,281,355 Net Income NI -250,112,200 266,579,40097,979,400 97,979,400 99,439,350 ROE DECOMPOSITION BASIC ANALYSIS ATO (sales / net operating assets) 1.78 2.05 1.77 1.89 4.10 PM (operating income / sales) -1.61% 2.67% 1.54% 1.54% 1.62% ROA (operating income / net operating assets) -2.87% 5.48% 2.73% 2.91% 6.65% check 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00CLEV (net operating assets / equity) 1.44 1.34 1.30 1.27 1.23 ILEV (operating income / net income) 1.04 1.60 1.83 1.83 1.92 ROE ( net income / equity) -3.96% 4.58% 1.94% 2.02% 4.27% check 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00SPREAD ANALYSIS ROA -2.87% 5.48% 2.73% 2.91% 6.65%Borrowing Rate (net financing costs / net financial liabilities) -0.37% 8.18% 5.34% 6.29% 17.04% Spread (ROA financing costs) -2.50% -2.69% -2.62% -3.38% -10.39% FLEV (net financial liabilities / equity) 0.44 0.34 0.30 0.27 0.23 Leveraged Spread -1.09% -0.90% -0.79% -0.90% -2.39% ROE -3.96% 4.58% 1.94% 2.02% 4.27%check 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Company Return On Equity Per ShareY2008 Return On Equity Per ShareY2009 Return On Equity Per ShareY2010 Return On Equity Per ShareY2011 Return On Equity Per ShareY2012 1 2 -27.03 25.33 33.93 14.46 36.863 6.1 20.38 10.32 -18.51 -27.24 -16.22 6.01Malaysia industry average -10.47% 22.86% 22.13% -6.76% 4.81% 1 17.02 2 1.89 4.09 -4.072 22.45 19.73 18.2 11.46 15.253 11.61 -21.09 2.26 -7.32 2.36Austrilia industry average 17.03% 0.21% 7.45% 2.74% 4.51% Return On Equity Per ShareY2008 Return On Equity Per ShareY2009 Return On Equity Per ShareY2010 Return On Equity Per ShareY2011 Return On Equity Per ShareY2012 1 -37.81 22.91 39.91 17.15 10.292 14.73 1.33 5.13 5.29 4.463 -27.03 25.33 33.93 14.46 36.864 15.02 -1.08 -13.73 4.69 5.275 -19.27 11.89 29.11 9.99 1.626 -76.38 57.88 57.42 19.5 17.287 -70.4 -11.18 23.64 -4.06 0.18 -51.42 4.23 34.87 17.31 8.159 -27.96 -10.48 33.11 0.5 1.3110 19.69 39.08 9.61 13.94 10.6611 -20.6 5.01 30.35 19.6 10.7912 -20.47 -30.29 -21.4 -5.16 -14.4313 -26.05 -3.37 14.11 -9.31 9.8314 6.1 20.38 10.32 -110.51 -27.2415 -0.11 -13.94 9.05 85.17 -13.5216 17.02 2 1.89 4.09 -4.0717 22.45 19.73 18.2 11.46 15.2517 16.21 43.36 56.31 44. 68 25.9718 13.1 7.31 1.58 7.88 2.4819 -37.71 14.89 24.31 -14.64 9.4520 -14.02 0.34 17.5 10.69 1.3721 11.61 -21.09 2.26 -7.32 2.36Asia Pacific Region industry average -13.33% 8.37% 18.98% 6.15% 5.19%