The Discovery Of Polio Vaccine Essay - 2213 Words

In the early 1900s, scientists and medical personnel did not have an answer to poliomyelitis, otherwise known as polio. However, a breakthrough was reached when Jonas Salk managed to developed the first vaccine, which he brought to the public in 1955 after testing the drug on himself, family, and others. Salk developed a killed-virus vaccine through tissue-culture methods discovered by the scientist John Enders. Unfortunately, Salk’s vaccine was not the cure that the scientific community, and the world, had hoped for, as the results of the vaccine took a critical turn for the worse shortly after release. According to Naomi Rogers, Cutter Laboratories, one of the original mass producers of Salk’s polio vaccine, released many faulty vaccines which resulted in greatly diminishing Salk’s reputation: â€Å"Both Salk’s and the Foundation’s reputations were briefly tarnished by what became termed the Cutter incident. Within fifteen days of Francis’s April 1955 report, the Foundation’s worst fears seemed to be realized when cases of paralysis were reported among children who had received the vaccine. After federal officials from the Communicable Disease Center established that these cases were the result of vaccination from a batch prepared by Cutter Laboratories of Berkeley, California, Surgeon-General Leonard Scheele halted the vaccination program for a week.† (Rogers 180) The fears brought upon by the Cutter incident led to the rise of alternative research, in particular that ofShow MoreRelatedThe Discovery Of The Polio Vaccine1963 Words   |  8 Pagespaper the discovery of the Polio vaccine will be discussed and broken down into deeper thought on why and how it was discovered. Poliomyelitis is an infectious disease that reached epidemic levels in the mid twentieth century. People that were unfortunate to receive this disease faced hardships including fevers, sore throat and vomiting(Allaby). These are just symptoms but Polio can be a vicious disease leaving their patients paralyzed. The majority of people who are diagnosed with Polio don’t getRead MoreThe Polio Vaccine Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesThe Polio Vaccine The discovery of the polio vaccine was an important medical and scientific breakthrough because it saved many lives since the 1950s. In the summer of 1916 the great polio epidemic struck the United states. By the 1950s hundreds of thousands of people had been struck by the poliomyelitis. The highest number of cases occurred in 1953 with over 50,000 people infected with the virus. When hygienic conditions were poor polio attacked infants. The disease was spread by contaminatedRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Polio During The Egyptian Era1586 Words   |  7 Pageswithout warning. It wasn’t until research skills and technology accessibility improved that scientists were able to grasp the idea that it was all caused by the Poliomyelitis virus. Polio began ravaging through the world in the twentieth century, crippling children, and, even after the discovery of numerous vaccines, is still relentless enough that it infects children today. Poliomyelitis, also called â€Å"infantile paralysis† (Swanson 1), is a virus that has been around for over 3,000 years, but hadRead MoreThe Use Of Animals And Animal Consumption1691 Words   |  7 Pagesmore advancements have been made in medical research than in any prior era. Diseases such as polio, tuberculosis, malaria, and smallpox can now be either prevented or treated due to pharmaceutical research that involved the use of animals. The use of animals in scientific research is important because the use of animals has allowed there to be many advancements in the medical field, such as discovering vaccines for deadly diseases, and has allowed for the regulation of chemicals that may be harmful forRead MoreThe Polio Vaccine Through The Eyes Of Its Creator1218 Words   |  5 Pagescreation of the polio vaccine through the eyes of its creator. Salk also describes his childhood and the events that lead up to his medical breakthrough. Latour, Bruno , Steve Woolgar, and Jonas Salk. Introduction. Laboratory Life. 1986.Reprint. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986. 11. Print. It showed the way that Jonas Salk studied polio and how he came to the conclusion that the vaccine was correct. He also taught that it is a life taking job and that polio vaccine was a difficultRead MoreVaccines Prevent The Human Race1697 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Vaccines prevent an estimated 2.5 million deaths among children younger than age 5 every year, [however;] 1 child dies every 20 seconds from a disease that could have been prevented by a vaccine† (Global Health Security: Immunization). Providing immunity to human, vaccines have saved countless lives through one simple injecting and have eradicated many diseases that used be common among people. Vaccines is the solution and allow us to be able to combat diseases that have overwhelmed humans for centuriesRead MorePolio And Its Effects On Children1387 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å" I got it [polio] when I was a little girl. My parents watch as I slowed down and my hand stopped working. We couldn’t afford the sur gery to fix it, but I finally better. But my hand is a constant remember, but I refuse to let it stop me.†(6) Poliomyelitis, deriving from Greek meaning grey and marrow. Which more than likely refers to the spinal cord, along with the suffix –itis or inflammation.(4) For a time, Poliomyelitis was once was called infantile paralysis because of its primary effects onRead MoreVaccines And The Diseases Of Vaccines1542 Words   |  7 PagesVaccines and the diseases they are used for have been an incredible scientific feat that has changed the way we live drastically. Before vaccines, people were dying rapidly from many diseases that are now either eradicated or controlled. Vaccines have saved millions of lives and are continuing to do so today. People no longer live in fear of catching a disease from other people due to vaccinations and what they do to the body. Diseases come in all shapes and sizes, and science has been able to successfullyRead MoreVaccines And Its Effect s On Children1339 Words   |  6 PagesNowadays, there are many vaccines invented by different scientists. Vaccines are so much in demand that even a simple flu has a certain vaccine. They have been invented to protect us. Its main function is to build our immune system and allow it to work against different kinds of bacteria. However instead of helping us fight against infection and certain diseases, vaccines can be the main cause of infection and diseases. Because of its live-attenuated organism, which means the pathogens were partiallyRead MoreWhat Is Poliomyelitis?1564 Words   |  6 PagesWHAT IS POLIO? Poliomyelitis or polio, is highly contagious viral infection that can lead to abnormal conditions such as paralysis, breathing problems, or even lead to death. The poliomyelitis is from the word â€Å"grey†, myelos referencing to the â€Å"matter† of the spinal cord, -itis meaning inflammation. So it means the inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord. Poliomyelitis can be categorize as either asymptomatic or symptomatic. About

A Case Study Of An English Learner s Use Of Carnegie...

A NativeAccent Case Study This paper describes a case study of an English L2 learner’s use of Carnegie Speech’s NativeAccent online speech recognition software. The target student, in this case study, significantly improved her English pronunciation and fluency through the individualized exercises offered by Native Accent’s Intelligent Tutor lessons. However, the student’s word stress results were considerably lower after completing all of the Intelligent Tutor lessons compared to her initial assessment results. Her grammar skills remained constant through this case study, exhibiting only a slight improvement. For this target student, NativeAccent represents an improvement over previous technologies designed to teach English pronunciation. Nevertheless, she expressed concerns regarding the software’s unforgiving nature, which for her was excessively stressful and counterproductive. Target Student The target student, who willingly participated in this case study, is a 43-year-old naturalized US citizen who grew up in Thailand. The student immigrated to the United States when she was 26 years old. She is as a highly proficient English L2 speaker who graduated from an international university in Bangkok, where all courses were taught in English. The target student’s initial NativeAccent online assessment revealed her baseline English proficiencies to be 74% correct pronunciation, 82% correct grammar, 98% correct word stress, and 88% correct fluency. The target student felt her

The Pros And Cons Of Legalization Of Marijuana - 715 Words

Marijuana legalization is a controversial subject with many different problems and solutions. Marijuana has benefits and disadvantages to using it (and many viewpoints on said pros and cons) so one person cannot be the only authority on the subject. Marijuana could possibly be used as a medicine, and although legalizing marijuana could have some benefits, the action could have serious repercussions. The legalization of medical marijuana could have positive benefits to the United States government. Opioids have been proven to only work less than half of the time when it comes to alleviating pain, and four times out of five they have horrible side effects. Marijuana has been proven to alleviate pain better than opioids, and its side effects†¦show more content†¦Those taxes were just for one state, if the entire nation allowed recreational marijuana, the government could have more money to pay off the national debt. Nevertheless, that does not mean that legalizing marijuana for recreational purposes would not have some dire consequences. Legalization of recreational marijuana could lead to a growth in people ingesting too much marijuana to avoid serious medical complications. Marijuana will become cheaper if it is legalized. If marijuana is cheaper, than more people will be able to get afford it, and more abundantly: â€Å"It is estimated that for each 10 [percent] drop in price, there will be an approximately 3 [percent] increase in the total number of users and a 3–5 [percent} increase in youth initiation,† (Issues in Society: Is Marijuana Harmful?, Introduction: The World’s Illicit Drug of Choice). Studies have shown that you can ingest too much marijuana to be healthy. Furthermore, in 2013, 38 percent of Americans claimed to smoke marijuana, but after it was legalized in Colorado, it increased to 44 percent of Americans. Imagine the massive increase that would occur if the entire country decided to allow recreational marijuana. Ma rijuana’s side effects can be horrible, as expanded upon in the next point. Marijuana could possibly have terrible side effects. Firstly, people at Duke University conducted a study to see if marijuana could affect the IQ of people who used it. They compared the IQ’s ofShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Marijuana Legalization1226 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Marijuana? According to Dictionary.com, Marijuana is, â€Å"a preparation made from the dried flower clusters and leaves of the cannabis plant, usually smoked or eaten to induce euphoria†(marijuana). Marijuana, also known as â€Å"Mary Jane†, is drawn out to be an extremely horrible, life-ruining drug. Children learn that marijuana is a â€Å"gateway† drug and that it only does harm. Though it can be quite addictive, Marijuana is safer than commonly used drugs like Tobacco and could possibly be moreRead MorePros And Cons Of Legalization Of Marijuana784 Words   |  4 Pages According to the English Oxford Living Dictionaries (2017), marijuana is â€Å"Cannabis, especially as smocked or consumed as a psychoactive (mind-altering) drug.† Although marijuana is illegal by the federal law, 29 states have legalized the use of medical marijuana, and in 8 states anyone over the age of 21 can buy marijuana (Nathan, D. L., Clark, H. W., Elders, J, 2017, p. 1746). Many Americans tend to experiment with drugs when put in a certain social event, but rarely abuse drugs or become a drugRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Marijuana Legalization1442 Words   |  6 Pagesthat plague American society, the issue over the legalization of Marijuana remains as one of the most controversial topics. Marijuana, also known as Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. According to national surveys conducted by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), â€Å"marijuana use rose from 4.1 percent to 9.5 percent of the U.S. adult population in th e past decade.† The increase of Marijuana use created an ongoing debate over whether it shouldRead MoreMarijuana: For Better or For Worse?1740 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana is a harmful drug and should not be legalized. Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug used in the United States. It is a plant that grows from the ground however, it contains many harmful toxins. There are many pros and cons for the legalization of marijuana although there are more cons than there are pros; one being that children are the ones who abuse marijuana the most. Surprisingly, against other beliefs, marijuana smoking actually does impair the user’s ability to drive aRead MoreEssay about Should Marijuana be Legalized?968 Words   |  4 PagesShould marijuana be legalized for recreational or medical use? This is a debate that has been happening for quite some time and this is not just a debate that is happening among people. There are many that have taken sides including medica l personal and government officials. Currently in the United States there are two states in which recreational use of marijuana is legal; Colorado and Washington. There are three states currently that have pending legislation to legalize recreational use; CaliforniaRead MoreLegalizing Marijuana For Recreational Use1362 Words   |  6 Pageslegalize marijuana for recreational use. Similar to the age limitation set for buying and consuming alcohol and smoking of tobacco products, Colorado has set the age limit for recreational use for adults who are at least twenty-one years of age and over to use an ounce of this drug. According to the drugabuse.gov website, the drug marijuana is defined as a greenish-gray mixture of the dried, shredded leaves and flowers of Cannabis sativa—the hemp plant. After two years of legalizing marijuana, ColoradoRead MoreMarijuana: Drug or Cure? Essay1191 Words   |  5 Pageshappens to be over the legalization of Marijuana. As of 1970 with the p assing of The Controlled Substances Act the Federal Government officially classified marijuana as a schedule 1 drug with no real accepted medicinal use at the time (History of Marijuana). As the capabilities of science have progressed over time more and more scientific challenges have bombarded this decision so that more tangible research can be garnered from this plant. The earliest known mention of marijuana as a recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesLegalization of Weed Growing up, everyone is told that, â€Å"Drugs are bad for you,† time and time again. Now as a kid you don’t really understand the reasoning behind it, but you listen to your authority figure regardless. I remember being told this my entire life and even to this very day. But as I got older I realized that people would still use drugs even though it’s illegal. I could never understand why someone would go against the law and jeopardize their life just to use drugs? The drug thatRead MoreEssay Astonishing Statistics of Marijuana Use in Minors1539 Words   |  7 Pagesmillion Americans ages 12 and over have reported to using marijuana at least once within the previous year. That number alone is an astonishing statistic on marijuana users. Although marijuana has been a drug with increasing popularity especially throughout the past couple of years due to the legalization in some states. In November of 2012 history was made when Washington and Colorado both lega lized marijuana for recreational use. Although marijuana is considered to be a Schedule 1 drug, which means itRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1224 Words   |  5 PagesLegalizing Marijuana Many different web pages and read over the information that they provided and this is what is found. The debit for this topic is all over the place some say we should some say we should not legalize marijuana. The three main topics that will going to go more into depth with are the medical benefits, monetary benefits and the renewable benefits. But first, let a bit about marijuana, so other names for it is weed, herb, pot, grass, bud, ganja, Mary Jane to name a few. Marijuana can be

Lab Experiment Coin Lab - 950 Words

Coin lab My group decided to look at how yeast would be transmitted by passing the coin without washing our hands. We also decided to look at how the yeast would be transmitted if a member of our group touched the coin and then a different member touched the fingertip of the person who touched the coin. Our final experiment was to see how the yeast would transmit if we did wash our hands. With our first experimentation, the group noticed that there was a lot of bubbling in the peroxide after it had been passed down from person to person. However, it was noticed that the bubbling of the peroxide took much longer periods of time depending on the person. For example, the sample from person 1 bubbled slower than the sample from person 2 since less yeast was present on the coin. The second experimentation, the group noticed that touching the coin or touching one of the fingers the coin touched had a different effect, since some yeast was transmitted onto the coin, as opposed to the person rubbing the coin. The finger that touched the coin seemed to have a lot more yeast on it than the group member who touched the finger that rubbed the coin. The group member that touched the coin had a lot more bubbling in the peroxide that would be represent the transmission of bacteria. However, the group member who touched the first group member’s finger had the same amount or slightly less bubbling in the peroxide than the group member who touched the coin. In the group’s finalShow MoreRelatedChemistry Experiment Essay1131 Words   |  5 PagesLab Report Experiment 1 amp; 2 CHM-101 Amele Takpara Partner: Jessamyn Dupree ------------------------------------------------- Experiment 1 ------------------------------------------------- (Pre-Lab Questions) 1. In the design of a Bunsen burner, explain the purpose of a. the gas control valve The gas control valve regulates the rate at which methane enters the burner. b. and the air vents. The air vents control the rate at which air enters the burner 2. Why is a luminousRead MoreComposition of Penny Using Redox Reactions Essay1165 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding of oxidation and reduction must be clear to carry out this lab. With the understanding of these concepts we can calculate or hypothesize for the properties of each element or compound. Oxidation involves the gain of electrons of hydrogen or the loss of oxygen or decrease in oxidation state. If zinc completely reacts with HCL, then the theoretical yield of copper should be equivalent to the actual yield. Purpose: In this lab, we will determine the percent composition of a modern (post-1982)Read MoreSensory Biology : How The Sensory System Of The Human Body1334 Words   |  6 PagesSteven Ho Bio Lab 132 Marian Wahl 4/14/15 Sensory Biology Introduction: sensory biology focuses on the sensory system consisting of sensory receptors that receives stimuli from internal and external environments, neural pathways conduct this information to the brain and parts of brain that processes this information. The information is called sensory information and it may or may not lead to conscious awareness. If it does, it can be called sensation. The purpose of this experiment was to conductRead MoreLab 2. The Gravimetric Determination of Chloride in a Soluble Sample Introduction: For the800 Words   |  4 PagesLab 2. The Gravimetric Determination of Chloride in a Soluble Sample Introduction: For the experiment you will obtain an unknown sample, containing chloride ion, and perform the gravimetrical procedure using the sample of the analyte. An analyte is a chemical constituent that is determined from analytical techniques. The technique used in the experiment is the gravimetric determination analysis which is a method of quantitative chemical analysis in which the key constituent being sought afterRead MoreThomas Alva Edison: The Man of a Thousand Inventions Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pagesstudent in school the only thing he enjoyed doing was reading science books and self exploring. The teachers thought he was a mixed up kid so he dropped out and was home schooled by his mother. By age nine he was an excellent reader and loved to experiment from the things he read in the science books. His mother was his biggest supporter. From the ages nine through twelve he had read many chemistry books one in particular was called a school compendium of natural and experimental philosophyRead MoreFunctions Of Human Sensory Biology1631 Words   |  7 Pages Sensory Biology Lab 6 Name: Dominic Siaw Biology 132 T.A: Marian Wahl Date Performed: 4/7/15 Date due: 4/14/1 Abstract In this laboratory students will perform various experiments to demonstrate various properties of human sensory biology. Students worked in pairs and performed 5 experiments. These experiments were based on touch receptors, temperature receptors, two point discrimination on the skin, locating distance from the fovea to our blind spot and measuring visual activityRead MoreThe Fourth Stage Of Overcoming The Monster Is The Nightmare Stage ( Booker )1035 Words   |  5 Pagestransformed me into something new. A creature as unquenchable as the sun† (Collins, 348). When Katniss wakes up in a Capitol hospital, the rebels have won the war and President Coin rules over Panem. When wandering around the President s mansion, Katniss comes upon President Snow, dying in a room full of roses. He tells her that Coin planned the attack that killed Prim which sets Katniss off and causes her to stop trusting everyone. The beginning of the battle starts in Insurgent when Tris, Tobias, andRead Mor eInvestigating Cognitive Thinking Processes and the Age at Which They Develop1089 Words   |  5 Pagesassess the differences in children’s cognitive development (thinking processes) at age ranges from 4-6, 7-8 and 9 and above and to find out whether they would be able to use their logic in 3 tasks originally set out by Piaget. A Lab experiment was thought best because of the ability to replicate, in this case it was a classroom in the setting (a nursery setting in Trowbridge, Wiltshire) and 12 different children of varying ages were used as opposed to the same age groupRead MoreThe Cell Membrane Transport Lab846 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION- In the cell membrane transport lab, there were many experiments that were done such as osmosis, diffusion in a gel, diffusion in a liquid, diffusion in air, and filtration, A cell membrane transport lab is done to understand the different ways of transport and why they are all important since it relates to the human body. Osmosis occurs when a fluid, that’s most likely water, passes through a semipermeable membrane. The tonicity of the solutions on both sides of the semipermeableRead MoreLength Mass and Density Lab Report1623 Words   |  7 Pages Page 9 5 – Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.... Page 9 6 – Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......†¦ Page 10 1- Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to learn how use a variety of tools that will aid in the gathering of data. This data is then used to calculate different measurements including, volume and density. The experiment will also further understanding of measurement errors using the data collected. 2 – Theory Along with the use of tools for basic measurements this laboratory

The Human Brain Is Made Up Of Soft Tissue - 846 Words

The human brain is made up of soft tissue, cushioned by spinal fluid and encased in the protective shell of the skull. Keeping the brain structure in mind, a concussion is commonly caused by a sudden direct blow or a bump to the head. This causes the brain to jolt inside the skull, further leading to the state of confusion most people wake to. Some may even lose consciousness, or even sustain permanent brain or nerve damage. Since concussions are internal, the behavior of the person must be challenged and questioned in order to determine whether or not they sustained a concussion. When I was around ten years of age, I was riding my bike down a curved hill at an alarming speed. Halfway down the hill, I spotted a car heading up in my direction. Knowing that the car would see me when it was too late for it to stop, I thought to myself, even if it did stop – I would not be able to avoid it since it was set directly in my path. Please keep in mind that I only had a few seconds to determine my next move, however, it did seem like it was an eternity. I was about to use my brakes, but I suddenly stopped myself from doing so. Realizing that my bike only provided me with front wheel brakes, and using the brakes on a downhill was by far the worst idea at the time. Running out of time, I made my way towards the grass. But, I did not think of the pavement line and how it played a part in my little equation. Upon reaching the pavement, my bike launched forward sending me off on the hotShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Soft Tissue Constituent Materials1422 Words   |  6 Pagesidentify the effect of soft tissue constituent materials in tissue classification for the application of breast cancer detection. Hyperelastic parameters may be essential in estimating large deformation in tissue for the purpose of surgical procedures such as breast brachytherapy. These properties of human soft tissue play a significant role in diagnosis, screening, and monitoring of cancer (O’Hagan Samani, 2009). On the other hand, elastography is based mainly on the concept of tissue reactions (linearRead MoreCell Phones1218 Words   |  5 Pagesa handful of other things. I love to use my cell phone and actually use it more then any other phone at the office or at home. However, I use it with immense concern. I have concern about the use of the phone causing health issues, like cancer and brain tumors over time. Are these concerns warranted? I have studied technology and specifically wireless communications as a graduate student at Northwestern University. My professor had advanced scientific wireless knowledge and advised us all toRead MoreUnit 5769 Words   |  4 PagesP2: Outline the four main tissue types such as Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous. Tissues are groups of cells, which are placed together to achieve a common function. There are four main types of tissue: Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous. Most of these tissues are found in our bodies, however the epithelial tissue is covered all over the surfaces of the body. Epithelial tissue This tissue covers the whole surface of the body and is specialised to form the covering or liningRead MoreThe Discovery Of A Forensic Anthropologist And Mystery Novels Writer Keith Reich1430 Words   |  6 Pagesforensic anthropologist and mystery novels writer Keith Reich was made to a television show. Hart Hanson created the shows entitled Bones on which the story is based on a forensic anthropologist who is teamed up with FBI agent that focus on scientific process to solved the mystery of human remains, specifically human bones. In many episodes of Bones, the scientific process that always present is on how the team can manage to identify the human remains with the process of carbon dating that became a topicRead MoreThe Human Brain And Its Effects On Development And Progression Of Ad Essay1485 Words   |  6 Pageshuman brain is capable of so many things, being able to detect when our bodies are out of balance to making us crave foods for certain nutrients our body needs. The human brain is so powerful, that it is capable of destroy it’s own neurons through a process starting out as dementia and progressing into Alzheimer’s disease, or (AD). Studies are suggesting new theories about the oral cavity having an etiologic factor, as well as influences on development and progression of AD. Various research showsRead MoreThe Basic Types Of Tissue1055 Words   |  5 PagesTissue In humans, there are four basic types of tissue: Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue Epithelial tissue Epithelial tissue subtypes The epithelial tissue covers inner and outer layer/surface of the body, e.g. the stomach, or blood lines, vessels and the lung. The epithelium consists of closely packed, flattened cells that make up the inside/ outside lining of body areas. Epithelial tissues that cover/line surfaces are classified by cell shape and by the number of cell layersRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Musculoskeletal System998 Words   |  4 Pagesadult is called complete metamorphosis. Summary Bones - Bones provide the structure for our bodies. The adult human skeleton is made up of 206 bones. These include the bones of the skull, spine (vertebrae), ribs, arms and legs. - Bones are made of connective tissue reinforced with calcium and specialized bone cells. Most bones also contain bone marrow, where blood cells are made. - Bones work with muscles and joints to hold our body together and support freedom of movement. This is called theRead MoreThe Basic Types Of Tissue1061 Words   |  5 PagesTissue In humans, there are four basic types of tissue: 1. Connective tissue 2. Muscle tissue 3. Nervous tissue 4. Epithelial tissue Epithelial tissue subtypes The epithelial tissue covers inner and outer layer/surface of the body, e.g. the stomach, or blood lines, vessels and the lung. The epithelium consists of closely packed, flattened cells that make up the inside/ outside lining of body areas. Epithelial tissues that cover/line surfaces are classified by cell shape and by the numberRead MoreThe Human Diet Essay1268 Words   |  6 Pagesmay think. The human diet has played a major role in our evolution. Not only has human evolution shaped our diet, but our diet has shaped us. The relationship between man and diet throughout time is complex, and not completely clear. However, what information we can gather about the diet of our ancestors may help to explain how what we eat affects us today. Our diet paved the way for us to evolve the traits that now define us as human, such as our bipedal stance, more developed brains, and abilityRead MoreUses And Purpose Of The Technology1930 Words   |  8 Pages1 NAME AND PURPOSE OF THE TECHNOLOGY The MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging – is a non-invasive medical procedure that uses a powerful magnetic field and radio frequency pulses to produce detailed images of soft-tissue, organs, blood vessels, bone and nearly all other internal body structures. These detailed images allow physicians to evaluate various parts of the body and diagnose and treat various medical conditions. Unlike X-rays and CT scans, MRI machines produce 3D images of the body without the

Dbq International Role of Europe free essay sample

The international role of Europe underwent many changes from the Post-Classical to the Early Modern era. 1)First, in the early Post-Classical era (450-1000) Europe’s international role was constrained mainly to trading in the Mediterranean Sea while Christianity spread to places such as Russia, and overall the role of Europeans internationally was rather isolated; then, in the late Post-Classical era (1000-1450) the international role of Europe was heightened as trading through the Silk Road was increased and the crusades brought European Christians to new locations such as the Middle East and Asia, however, maritime technology had still not come far enough to allow long sea voyages for trading and exploration; finally in the Early Modern era (1450-1750) Europe’s international role reached new limits as new technologies allowed it to sail to and colonize new lands such as the Americas, parts of Africa, and Asia, and Europe underwent many revolutions such as the Renaissa nce that allowed it to take advantage of the â€Å"power vacuum† that China had left behind and become the next great world power. We will write a custom essay sample on Dbq: International Role of Europe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2)In the early years of the Post-Classical era (450-1000) Europe’s international role was not very significant and the little trading that it did take part in, was mainly handled by Italians who were in control of the Mediterranean Sea. (3)International interaction was also shown through the conversion of the Russian prince, Vladimir I, to Christianity around the end of the 10th century. This widened the global connections of Europe because it intertwined Russia into European culture. (2)For the most part however, Europe kept mostly to themselves in the early Post-Classical. (3)They promoted increased trading between northern and southern Europe, but maritime technology was not advanced enough to support long sea voyages to places such as India or Africa. In comparison to other civilizations, such as the Chinese and the Arabs, Europeans were considered to be a backward civilization of this time period. (4)Europe was in a period of recovery after the fall of the Roman Empire. They were in what was also called the â€Å"Medieval Age† where much philosophy and trade had decreased form the Classical period. The role of merchants in China and the Middle East were far greater than those of Europe. (5)The trading habits of Post-Classical Europe are very much like those of the Early-Modern Chinese. Both had limitations on trading and were rather isolated from the larger world network that was going on at that time. 2)In the late years of Post-Classical Europe (1000-1450), the international role of the Europe heightened. Trade grew immensely with Asia and the Middle East through the Silk Road, and the crusades enabled Christians to experience new distant locations in the Middle East. (3)The rise of Mongol power in the 13th century incre ased trade throughout much of Eurasia. (5)This had many positive effects such as the adoption of paper manufacturing. This was an invention of the Chinese, which was then passed on to the Middle East, and finally adopted by Italians in the 13th century. Europe’s expanding international presence also led to cultural and intellectual exchanges. Europe adopted mathematics (which includes the number system) from Arabs, which they had learned previously from the Indians. Europeans also expanded on their philosophical thoughts by reacting to Arab philosophies. The role of Mediterranean trade continued to increase and Italian merchants began trading European cloth in exchange for more refined goods from the East. As international contacts were becoming increasingly important in Europe, commercial alliances such as the Hanseatic League were developed to promote trade. However, there were also negative aspects of Europe’s increased international role like the spread of diseases such as the bubonic plague in the 14th century. This ended up wiping out nearly one third of Europe’s population. 4)In comparison to the early Post-Classical era, the late Post-Classical era fostered increased over-land trade. This brought an increasing amount of inventions and innovations from places such as China and India to Europe. However , some things did not change from the early to the late Post-Classical. One of these was that maritime technology was still not at a level that would allow for long sea voyages. This continued to keep Europeans from undertaking quicker trade routes to India and colonizing lands overseas such as the Americas. (2)In the Early Modern Era (1450-1750), Europe reached new limits in its international role as new maritime technologies allowed it to cross seas such as the Atlantic and colonize new lands. 3)The Early-Modern Period began with the launch of Spanish and Portuguese explorations in the Americas, Africa and Asia. These initial explorations and colonizations cleared the path for France, England, and Holland to begin their own explorations in the 16th century. Along with the colonization of new lands, Europe also underwent many revolutions including the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, and the Scientific Revolution. (5)This along with the new wealth that Europe was earning from its co lonies set Europe on the right path to becoming the next world power. European merchants had increased their trade tremendously and were at the point of overtaking Muslim merchants. Chinese merchants also lost their role as significant international traders when in 1433 the Chinese emperors called to the halt of international expeditions. After this, the Chinese became an isolated country for the most part and left the world in a sort of â€Å"power vacuum†. (5)This left the door open for Europe to become the most dynamic new force of the world. The Spanish and Portuguese conquered much of South America and also places in Indonesia. (4)Europe had become and extremely global society and had contacts everywhere from the Americas to Japan. In fact, Europeans set up trading ports along the west coast of Africa, several parts of the Indian subcontinent, and islands of Southeast Asia in the 17th century. They also set up Western Enclaves in important trading cities such as Moscow in Russia and the Dutch even got access to Nagasaki in Japan. This new authority in trade shows how Europe’s international role has increased in the Early Modern era. (4)The role of Europe changed tremendously from the Post-Classical period to the Early-Modern period. Many revolutions in Europe going on between these two time periods, such as the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment provided Europeans with new innovations that allowed them to expand their empire beyond Eurasia. (5)The expansion to places such as the Americas, Indonesia, East Asia and Africa allowed for the spread of European culture around the globe. For the first time in history the world has become a truly â€Å"global trade network† due to Europe’s incorporation of Polynesia and the Americas. (4)Europe came from being a backward society in the early Post-Classical still recovering from the fall of the Roman empire, to becoming more involved in over-land trade in the late Post-Classical to becoming one of the most influential world powers in the Early-Modern period. (5)This is a trend that is still seen in present-time. The Western world of this age has one of the world’s most stable governments and wealthiest economies. This can all traced back through history to the eras where Europe increased its international role, thereby increasing its power.

Priciple of support free essay sample

Explain how principles of support are applied to ensure that individuals are cared for in health and social care practice: There are seven principles which are underpinned by an explicit value base: (DH 2008) Principle 1 Ensure individuals are able to make informed choices to manage their self care needs Principle 2 Communicate effectively to enable individuals to assess their needs, and develop and gain confidence to self care Principle 3 Support and enable individuals to access appropriate information to manage their self care needs Support and enable individuals to develop skills in self care Principle 5 Support and enable individuals to use technology to support self care Principle 6 Advise individuals how to access support networks and participate in the planning, development and evaluation of services Principle 7 Support and enable risk management and risk taking to maximise independence and choice. Expound these 7 principles for discussion. Outline the procedure for protecting clients, patients, and colleagues from harm Stepped approach to safeguarding by the BMA: Prevention – identifying adults who may be vulnerable . Identifying and recording factors that may contribute to a patient’s vulnerability can be a vital first step in ensuring that he or she receives necessary support. Step 2: Assessing the individual’s needs. Once an individual has been identified as vulnerable, the next step is to assess his or her needs. Where harm or abuse has occurred, or where an individual is at immediate risk, it is important to consider whether the local multi-agency adult safeguarding procedures should be engaged. Responding to harm/abuse Assessing competence Adults with capacity have the right to make decisions about their own care and treatment. Treatment decisions made on behalf of adults lacking capacity should be made on the basis of an assessment of their best interests. Step 4: Responding to harm/abuse – identifying relevant services . This could involve referral to social care, or to other sources of support such as citizens’ advisors or to charitable organisations offering support and advice for individuals suffering from specific disorders or with particular social needs Responding to harm/abuse – taking a consensual approach . Ultimatelythe decision about accepting care and treatment rests with the competent. Where adults lack capacity, they should be involved in decision-making as far as possible. Those close to the adult, including specifically anyone with the power of a health and personal welfare or property and affairs attorney should be involved as appropriate. Step 6: Safeguarding What is safeguarding – it is protecting individuals from harm/abuse against other people or themselves. These abuses can come in form of physical, psychological, financial, institutional, neglect. Basic principles for safeguarding vulnerable adults (DH): Principle 1: Empowerment Safeguarding must involve promoting the independence and quality of life of adults and must maximise their ability to control their own lives. Where adults cannot make decisions, as a result for example of a lack of capacity to make the specified decision, they should still be involved in the decision as far as possible. Principle 2: Protection Patients should be offered the support necessary for them to protect themselves Prevention Prevention of harm or abuse is the primary goal. Prevention involves working with individuals to reduce risks of harm or abuse that they find unacceptable Principle 4: Proportionality In addition to respecting the informed choices of competent adults, safeguarding responses should be proportional to the nature and seriousness of the concern. Options should be presented that are the least restrictive of individual rights and choices while remaining commensurate with the desired goals. Partnership Safeguarding adults is most effective where individuals, professionals and communities work together to prevent, detect and respond to harm and abuse. Principle 6: Transparency and accountability Good safeguarding requires collaboration and transparency with partner agencies. Confidentiality Data protection act Risk assessment and management SOVA Policies and principles Analyse the benefit of following a person centered approach with users of health and social care service A person-centred approach Although the phrase ‘vulnerable adult’ is widely used, it is not without its problems. Competent adults have a right to make decisions that affect their lives, even where this may result in exposure to risk. Labelling adults ‘vulnerable’ can be stigmatizing and lead to unfounded assumptions that individuals lack the ability to direct their own lives. This can lead to unacceptably paternalistic interventions and result in the kinds of disempowerment that this guidance is designed to avoid. Alternatively, drawing too narrow a definition of vulnerability could mean that opportunities to identify adults who may benefit from additional consensual support can be lost. Recognising the wide range of circumstances in which safeguarding issues can arise, a key message in this tool kit is the need for an approach that addresses the specific needs of individuals. Such a person-centred approach, rooted in good communication skills and respectful of each individual’s dignity and independence is likely to lead to optimal outcomes. Explain ethical dilemmas and conflict that may arise when providing care, support and protection to users of health and social care services. Protection from risk of harm When people are given the choice to make decisions for their own, there will always be risks involved. Managing risks does not mean avoiding it. Managing risks together with the service user and the other members of the health team is better than completely avoiding any risks but in exchange, a boring/monotonous quality of life for the resident. The following should be taken account when considering risks: Identifying and meeting needs Minimising situational hazards Protecting the individual and others Balancing the benefits and harms Accounting for resources and priorities Wariness of lurking conflicts.