David Fincher’s Fight Club Essay -- David Fincher’s Fight Club

David Finchers Fight ClubIn David Finchers Fight Club a man battles in spite of appearance himself to live a life he has always d bed to live, but in the end when everything is taken to the extreme, he realizes its too tardily to change what he has done. He struggles with the fond structure due to his realization that he is in event powerless in todays society. He is constantly fighting his alter nature Tyler Durden for control of not only himself but also the world around them. He sees Marla as the lie that exists within himself and despises her for it. Fincher implies that sometimes people subscribe to in all free themselves of their materialistic ideals in order to truly be free. Fincher also suggests that in some cases the absence of a male father figure have lead to instability and the creation of Mr. Hyde. The setting is one marked with desire for an awakening to the world around us. The fact that the protagonist does not have a name is because he represents anyone and e veryone in todays society he could even be named Jack. The opening views intimate Jacks brain are dark with flashes of fear for his very existence. The city view at night is the dark materialistic civilization in which we live. Bob (the man with breasts) is his missing family that isnt at that place to hold him. The wet face on Bobs shirt resembling a face is Jack, big(a) himself and opening up to Bob. In the beginning, there are several subliminal images of Tyler this is in fact a manifestation of his subc... David Finchers Fight Club see -- David Finchers Fight ClubDavid Finchers Fight ClubIn David Finchers Fight Club a man battles within himself to live a life he has always dared to live, but in the end when everything is taken to the extreme, he realizes its too late to change what he has done. He struggles with the social structure due to his realization that he is in fact powerless in todays society. He is constantly fighting his alter personality Tyler Dur den for control of not only himself but also the world around them. He sees Marla as the lie that exists within himself and despises her for it. Fincher implies that sometimes people have to completely free themselves of their materialistic ideals in order to truly be free. Fincher also suggests that in some cases the absence of a male father figure have lead to instability and the creation of Mr. Hyde. The setting is one marked with desire for an awakening to the world around us. The fact that the protagonist does not have a name is because he represents anyone and everyone in todays society he could even be named Jack. The opening views inside Jacks brain are dark with flashes of fear for his very existence. The city view at night is the dark materialistic civilization in which we live. Bob (the man with breasts) is his missing family that isnt there to hold him. The wet face on Bobs shirt resembling a face is Jack, giving himself and opening up to Bob. In the beginning, there are several subliminal images of Tyler this is in fact a manifestation of his subc...

The Search for America in Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollo

The Search for America in Rip Van Winkle and The novel of asleep(predicate) Hollow In the early to mid-1800s, Washington Irving was an immensely popular writer heralded as one of the great American writers. Irvings importance lies especially in Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, the sketches in which he creates the vision of the alternate America(n). His critique of American society through his main characters-Rip and Ichabod-and the towns in which they live gives shape to an America not usually acknowledged by his contemporaries, and thus crucial to American literary studies today. J. Hector St. John De Crevecoeur, who created the most unambiguous statement of American circa Irvings time, certainly would not. Indeed, it is Crevecoeurs type of America that Irving opposes. When viewed against the backdrop of Crevecoeurs definition of America, Irvings sketches portray a very different America-the other America. Irving will be comp ard with Crevecoeur in five main s ections Building the European, in which Crevecoeur claims that traces of Europe can be found throughout American society The Melting Pot, in which Crevecoeur states that the European influences are assimilated into an American whole, and creating a new society The American Stranger, in which Crevecoeur claims that no one is a stranger in America American Industry, which looks at the relish of industry found in Americans and finally, People of the Soil, which deals with Americans ties with the land. In all of these sections, Crevecoeurs mainstream view of American will serve to show Irvings unique America. I. Building on the European When defining American, Crevecoeur is quick to point out ... ...ary on the Works of Washington Irving, 1860-1974. Ed. Andrew B. Myers. Tarrytown, NY Sleepy Hollow Restorations, 1976. 330-42. Pochmann, Henry A. Irvings German Tour and its Influence on His Tales. PMLA 45 (1930) 1150-87. Ringe, Donald A. New York and New England Irvings Criticism of American Society. American Literature 38 (1967) 455-67. Rpt. in A Century of Commentary on the Works of Washington Irving, 1860-1974. Ed. Andrew B. Myers. Tarrytown, NY Sleepy Hollow Restorations, 1976. 398-411. Rourke, Constance. American Humor A Study of the National Character. Garden City, NY Doubleday, 1931. Rubin-Dorsky, Jeffrey. The Value of Storytelling Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow in the Context of The Sketch Book. new(a) Philology 82 (1985) 393-406.

Primo Levi- Pain Retold, Is Pain Redoubled Essay -- essays research p

"Pain retold, is pain redoubled"What prompts someone to write about their suffering, and how do they gravel a sense of their emotions to the reader?      Primo Levi is a Holocaust war victim, a survivor from Auschwitz, who for years was plagued by guilt because he survived - a touch sensation that is passed on in Jewish tradition, which I understand being a fellow Jew. Jewish heritage is very important to all Jews myself included, which is one fence why I can connect with the poet/author, his poems and his other consummations. Levi decided to write, rather than keep in, his feelings, and subsequently wrote both poetry, and a variety of prose, both fiction and autobiographical.The emotions in cardinal of his poems, Shema and The Survivor atomic number 18 a melange of guilt, anger and sorrow. Levi feels guilt that he is living when so many he knew are dead, he is angry at how people are forgetting what happened less than 50 years ago, and also sad at what has passed. These emotions are portrayed through various means in Shema, the two most effective being repetition of certain thought-provoking words, "empty eyesempty womb" "cold heartcold hand" " dense heart and eyeshard like a rock". These words give an impression of what Levi feels for his captors, while invoking numbness that makes it real. The harsh consonant sounds, "creating cages for captivity" mention feelings of timidness because of the harsh attack from the words, even after it has been translated from the native Italian.     Levi wrote other books, and in one (Survival In Auschwitz) it struck me how matter-of-factly he wrote down his observations. Although the subjects of his works are the horrors that he saw during his time in the Death-camps, Levi wrote it so people could learn what it was like, so Jews and non-Jews alike could witness the memoirs of a survivor. The description of the number tattooed on his arm, which functioned as an impromptu meal ticket, is registered as merely one more fact of life. "We became used to showing our number promptly enough not to disorder the day by day operation of food-distribution weeks and months were needed to learn its sound in the German language." Levi documents the mundane life of the camp, a side that is not often seen, laying out his experiences with a reserve... ...te the past into the present and the future, to expand in knowledge. His works not only captivate and interest, but they convey a deeply personal sense of true experience that makes the stories special and real. From reading his works you not only understand the pain, guilt and anger, but also the need for repentance. Levi believes his repentance comes in telling and re-telling his story.His work serves as a reminder to everyone- not to let prejudice blind you against evil, to remind people of the great sorrow that happened, and not only does it educate and affirm people, it also expresses feelings that should not be forgotten in case another Holocaust should happen. It serves as to inform people, or also remind them of what happened. It is his catharsis, and our education.Truly, his work is Shema Listen.sprightlinessCalling of KindredIL SISTEMA PERIODICO, 1975 - The Periodic TableSE QUESTO ? UN UOMO, 1947 - If This is a Man / Survival in AuschwitzAD ORA INCERTA- or- LOSTERIA DI BREMA, collected poemsConversations with Primo Levi by Ferdinando Camon (1989) commendation Chinese proverb, "The Wisdom of the Chinese Sages" published 1987.

Electronic Communication and the Negative Impact of Miscommunication Es

Electronic communications, improve efficiency and productivity, but poorly written emails bottom cause internal strife, low morale, and loss of clients. Effective written communication will enhance internal communications as well as impertinent communications. The ability to write effectively is a core skill that all employees, no matter what their title is, should master. If the content of an email is unclear, grammatically incorrect or is full of typos, the email will cause misunderstandings and the possible loss of business. A chain reaction of emails or letters will occur, questioning the next line of work of action and clients will undoubtedly believe that we will treat them with the same carelessness we took in creating that correspondence. Case in point, a letter was recently displace to one of our clients misquoting our fees, a second letter was sent to the client correcting the fee, but was addressed to the wrong person. We have since lost this client. Jonathan Hershber g, president of Opus Associates, a communications training developer based in New York, states, If I get an e-mail thats full of errors and I know nonhing else about you, Hershberg says, theres no reason for me not to think youll handle my business in the same way you handled that theme. (Moerke, A, 2004) We have seen an example of this kind of writing. A benefit distribution memo was created for the wife of a deceased participant. The salutation of the letter addressed the deceased, not the wife. Correspondences regarding death benefits require special attention. Correspondence should never be addresses to the deceased. All writers should use the method of prewriting, brainstorming, writing and organizing, revising for style, and proofreading to produce memos, letters, emails, and reports The suggested percentage of time spent on each writing step is as follows (Jaderstrom, Miller, and Office Pro June 2004)Prewriting 12.5%Brainstorming 25.0%Writing and organizing 25.0% rewrite for style 25.0%Proofreading 12.5%Emails are less formal then letters or memorandums and the authors of emails tend to abbreviate words and use slang to get his or her substance across quickly. This may be acceptable for communication inside the company, but it will confuse external clients. John Patrick, President of Attitud... ...ding and spellchecking the content before direct to our internal or external clients. The clients will notice the change in the professionalism of our writing. Overall, the outcome can only benefit the company and its employees. ReferencesCrainer, Stuart, Dearlove, Des, Across the Board (2004) fashioning yourself Understood The New Language of Business, 41, Issue 3, Retrieved family line 28, 2004 from the EBSCOhost databaseJaderstrom, Susan, Miller, Joanne, Office Pro (2004) - Writing with Purpose Business Source Premier , 64, Issue 5 Retrieved folk 28, 2004 from the EBSCOhost databaseMoerke, Amy, (2004) Business Writing Brushup Sales & Marketing Manag ement, 156, Issue 5 Retrieved September 28, 2004 from the EBSCOhost databaseShea, Gordon F, Training & Development, (1992) A Case for Clear Writing, 46 Issue 1, p63, Retrieved September 28, 2004 from the EBSCOhost databaseHudson Valley Business Journal (2001) Email underlines need for better business writing skills,. 11, Issue 26 Retrieved September 28, 2004 from the EBSCOhost databaseReed Business Information Ltd. force out Today, (2004), p18, 2p Retrieved September 28, 2004 from the EBSCOhost database

Its Time to Ban Smoking in America :: Argument Argumentative

Its Time to Ban Smoking in AmericaAlthough smoking is a proven killer, Americans waste Billions of dollarseach socio-economic class on tobacco products. Other drugs that are harmful, such as crack ormarijuana, are illegal in the United States. However, the using up of cigarettes,which kills millions worldwide annually, is short legal. If certain harmfulsubstances are illegal, then cigarettes should non be permitted either.Smoking has several harmful effects on the body. Cigarettes causeeighty-five percent of lung crab louse and are responsible for thirty percent of alldeaths resulting from cancer. (Bartecchi, 49) People who founder smoked for asignificant period of time will have obtrusive problems breathing and will mostlikely be in poor health. One out of four deaths of people thirty-five to sixty-four years aging result from smoking. On the average, every cigarette takes fiveand a half minutes of life away from a smoker. (Bartecchi, 46) Althoughrestrictions have been place d on the use of cigarettes in public areas such asrestaurants and airplanes, the US has yet to place a ban on smoking. Thegovernment frequently inspects items sold to the American public. moneymaking(prenominal)products that may be dangerous such as food, cars, and toys have been recalledin order for alterations. In the August 1995 issue of consumer reports, twenty-four products were recalled because of possible dangers to the consumer. Theseproducts included a car that may lose a wheel while in motion, a hair dryer thatposes a fire hazard, and cookies that can cause an hypersensitised reaction. (ConsumerReports, 500) Yet, the sale of cigarettes, known to be unsafe, has never beenprohibited by the government. Why are cigarettes any different from otherproducts sold in the US.Cigarettes are not only harmful to users, but are also damaging to allpeople in the vicinity of a smoker. Second hand smoke from cigarettes is salutary asdamaging as smoke inhaled by users. Each year, 53,000 people die from theeffects of second hand smoke. A person living with a spouse who smokes has athirty percent higher chance of getting lung cancer. (Bartecchi, 49) Parents whosmoke force their children to breathe the fumes every day. Seventeen percent oflung cancer is attributed to people who grew up with parents who were smokers.Children of smokers have a lower birth rate and are often less intelligent.(Bartecchi, 49) People who have chosen to smoke have accepted the unhealthy riskof the drug. However, nonsmokers have not opted for the hazards involved withsmoking and therefore should not be introduced to these hazards.

Heroic Virtue in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Heroic Virtue in Othello William Shakespeares tragedy Othello puts on exhibit an obvious hero and former(a) not-so-obvious heroes. Let us examine them all in this essay. The supreme type of hero in this play did not occur overnight to the playwright. Rather he slowly built upon one hero after another in his plays until his work culminated in the Moor. A. C. Bradley, in his contain of literary criticism, Shakespearean Tragedy, describes the development of the Shakespearean super-hero in Othello And with this change goes another, an enlargement in the stature of the hero. There is in most of the later heroes something colossal, something which reminds us of Michelangelos figures. They are not merely special men, they are huge men as it were, survivors of the heroic age living in a later and smaller world. . . . Othello is the first of these men, a being essentially large and grand, towering above his fellows, holding a volume of force which in repose ensures pre-eminence witho ut an effort, and in commotion reminds us rather of the fury of the elements than of the revolt of common human passion. (168) The characters attitude toward life is certainly a criterion for heroism. Is he heroic in what he does? H. S. Wilson in his book of literary criticism, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, discusses the generals heroic attitude in the final stab of the play In the final scene of Othello, the hero, with that utter lack of self-consciousness of self-criticism which is the height of human vanity, strikes a heroic attitude, makes an eloquent plea for himself, at the height of his eloquence stabs himself and the innocent spectator feels a lump in his throat or dissolves in te... ... of the play is a pleasant surprise. Despondent Othello, grief-stricken by remorse for the tragic mistake he has made, acts heroically, following the example of Emilia. He stabs himself and dies on the bed next to the one he has wronged. WORKS CITED Bradley, A. C.. Shakespe arean Tragedy. New York Penguin, 1991. Gardner, Helen. Othello A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from The Noble Moor. British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Canada University of Toronto Press, 1957.

Heroic Virtue in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Heroic Virtue in Othello William Shakespeares tragedy Othello puts on exhibit an obvious hero and former(a) not-so-obvious heroes. Let us examine them all in this essay. The supreme type of hero in this play did not occur overnight to the playwright. Rather he slowly built upon one hero after another in his plays until his work culminated in the Moor. A. C. Bradley, in his prevail of literary criticism, Shakespearian Tragedy, describes the development of the Shakespearean super-hero in Othello And with this change goes another, an enlargement in the stature of the hero. There is in most of the later heroes something colossal, something which reminds us of Michelangelos figures. They are not merely olympian men, they are huge men as it were, survivors of the heroic age living in a later and smaller world. . . . Othello is the first of these men, a being basically large and grand, towering above his fellows, holding a volume of force which in repose ensures pre-eminence without an effort, and in commotion reminds us rather of the fury of the elements than of the blare of common human passion. (168) The characters attitude toward life is certainly a criterion for heroism. Is he heroic in what he does? H. S. Wilson in his book of literary criticism, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, discusses the generals heroic attitude in the final horizon of the play In the final scene of Othello, the hero, with that utter lack of self-consciousness of self-criticism which is the height of human vanity, strikes a heroic attitude, makes an eloquent plea for himself, at the height of his eloquence stabs himself and the innocent spectator feels a lump in his throat or dissolves in te... ... of the play is a pleasant surprise. Despondent Othello, grief-stricken by remorse for the tragic mistake he has made, acts heroically, following the example of Emilia. He stabs himself and dies on the bed next to the one he has wronged. WORKS CITED Bradley, A. C.. Shakespe arean Tragedy. New York Penguin, 1991. Gardner, Helen. Othello A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from The Noble Moor. British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Canada University of Toronto Press, 1957.

Nevada on the Move of Importing Prescription Drugs

Assembly Majority Leader Barbara Buckley heads on the plan to import prescription euphonys from Canada. Backed by other officials, cause-oriented groups, unions, doctors associations, and senior citizens, she together with other lawmakers, are now pushing to finalize the regulations to enable Nevadans to purchase drugs from Canadian drugstores which are lower-priced and much economical. The economy is eyeing to implement the law by April 20 of this year.In line with this, Attorney General George Chanos has taken a stand to further modify the present-day(prenominal) rulings with regards the issue at hand. He said that possible federal Food and Drug Administration directives may be violated, resulting to legal consequences.Buckley, excessively the chief champion of the program, is headstrong to obtain the approval. She vows to work in achieving authorization as she claims to consider of her constituents who purposely go to Canada just to buy their daily medicinal needs. The final elements of the legislation are now being scrutinized by the board to meet the set deadline.These sections being worked on are the accreditation procedures of the Canadian pharmacies allowed to market medicines within the state. It is also needful that these pharmacies have toll-free phone lines, e-mail access, and the ability to get in touch with their customers doctor in cases the latter cant present a valid prescription.The board is also looking at the guidelines as to when, where, and why the pharmacy can decline a purchase. The law also states that generic Canadian drugs can not be sold except when sold also in the same generic form in their country. The rules ensuring the safety of the drugs are being prioritized as well. The Canadian drugs cannot enter the state unless approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and Health Canada.It is assumed the passel of Nevada will not only be benefited from the cheaper drugs that will soon be available to them. The regulation als o aims to control unauthorized websites that are selling drugs to the US drugs that are not tested safe and effective by the proper US health departments. The law also seeks to castigate agencies, companies, and individuals who are pursuing contraband prescription drugs importations within the constituency.It is not a secret that a lot of US citizens are actually flying to Canada or are getting their medicine from Canadian sources. Buckley aims to regulate these transactions, make it legal if it is, while still protecting the interests and rights of the people, particularly the Nevadans.Activists against the law on the other hand, would like to postpone the ratification until by and by every single detail is straightened out. They are pushing for lawmakers to launch a special session with regards this particular law. Those who on the pro-implementation side believe changes can be done in the regular legislative session next year. Currently, the vote stands 4 to 3 favoring the exec ution of the new law.http//www.lasvegassun.com/sunbin/stories/nevada/2006/mar/01/030110077.htmlhttp//hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/N/NV_CANADIAN_DRUGS_NVOL-? position=NVCAP&SECTION=STATE&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2006-04-20-20-06-12

A Report on Conversation Analysis Techniques

Conversation analysis, usually abridged as CA, is a general method to the review of dialogues. It is the evaluation of the discourse in communication in close all surveys of discussions on a daily basis. In all of these, we can say that talk makes things happen. The CA commonly tries to depict the organization of topic and chronological arrangement of interaction. As we can notice in the transcription, it can be taken into account as a naturalized transcription, where decl arements atomic number 18 preserve in as much feature as vi able, most frequently sight in conversation analysis investigation.In trying to understand this particular transcription, it is a fundamental approach of CA that the action, which the partakers articulates, will depend not only on its verbal communication manner, except also on its position in the series, on the framework, on the distinctiveness of the presenter, and m either other(a)s. Recently, the CA techniques of sequential examination condu ct got been in work by phoneticians to delve into the good phonetic aspect of speech. Some of the basic techniques and methods are the following Turn-taking Organization This is a technique wherein a talk is made in and via hitchs.Turn-taking is a means by which interrelating mint apportion the privilege or responsibility to take part in the diversion of an exchange of ideas. In accordance with CA, the turn-taking scheme is made up of two mechanisms which are the turn constructional section and the turn allocation component. These techniques for dialogues were recognized inductively during pragmatic study of copies of demonstrations where discourse members chat one by one. This can be observed in the adduced part of transcription in which the people conversing take their turns alternately.1. R Hello Julia How are you? Long time no see. 2. J Yeah Hi How are you Richard? 3. R I am good. I am good. Ive been away for a few weeks. I have been with my father at work The turn constru ctional component illustrates principal elements which achieve identifiable common dealings. It can be remarked that not every factor types may exist in all languages. Besides, it is potential that there are parts in other vernaculars, much(prenominal) as units in Asian speech that may not be present in English, French, and many other languages.This may be identified by an alteration in the tone or loudness of the expression, the last part of a syntactic element of speech, a brief stillness or stop, or a few variety of body movement. Changeover linking the participants typically takes place at much(prenominal) a situation. However, this component is not applied in the transition since the two chatting participants have a common set of language. While the turn allocation component expresses how chances to speak are shared by the presenters in a discussion. This can be hired by directing, referring to a name, applying eye contact, etc. and is evident in the transcription since Jul ia addresses Richard through using his name. Sequence Organization This affects how events are arranged in discussion. This comprises adjacency pairs and pre-sequences. Adjacency pairs are described with chats that are inclined to derive about in reactive pairs though, they may be divided over a succession of turns. Participants talk about a switch over of views and indirect request because a lot of spoken deeds entitle a specific sort of vocal reaction as an immediate reply.Other dealings appeal for a dissimilar kind of accomplishment such(prenominal) as requests with approvals or refusals. Pre-sequences, on the other hand, employ chains of conversation prior to resolute chat. They arise when trusted initial act is taken ahead of starting the primary element of an adjacency pair. Prior to uttering a demand, for example, it regularly creates meaning to make sure whether the other character has the thing one desires. In the transcription, a question-answer pair can be cited which sets up a request-approval.52. R Ok I will have to come down and visit you then = 53. J = Of course = Preference organization This technique coincides with the sequence organization technique since it also involves preferences for a deed of act categories in the channel of communication over other dealings. The modes in which the two classes of collective actions are fulfilled successively are referred to as preferable and dispreferred. The idea of predilection of communicators induces their understanding of spoken acts.A hush in response to an appeal, as an example, may be taken as substantiation of a realizable imminent unfavored answer or a disclaimer. However, this technique is not applied in the transcription since there is no request that was approved or rejected. continuative For a discourse to flow easily and efficiently, the orderliness of exchanges must be directed well and must follow a particular trajectory. The reaction to a remark normally offers a form of explana tion of the previous statement and so signifies the alignment.Appraisals such as Thats good, inscriptions such as Oh, rioting , formulations like providing the general idea of what has been said, and two-way final points of the presenters statements, all supply confirmations of how the dialogue of the conversing persons is be comprehended. Repairs are used to mend a failure of discussion and reinstate alignment. Failures can be misinterpretations like What did you say? What do you mean? as well as discords like I study youre wrong, denunciation such as No, I wont and other complexity.Revisions may occur when the verbaliser can anticipate that dogfight is likely and reformulates talk accordingly. Alignment is especially important at the openings and closings of conversation. 13. R I am so glad i am not having any busy= 15. J =Ohhh. hehehe. I do not think so. I hate exams (laughs) Response Tokens Like spontaneous verbal communication, there are other units of language that, whi le not fairly terms, are nonetheless type of speech. Yet in this caseful, they are on purpose. Among the more(prenominal) ordinary of these are Hm, Ok, Ah, Yeah,Um, Uh, and Uh huh or Nuh uh.Words such as Ok, or Uh huh are utilized to document conformity with the presenter. Acknowledgements in another view, such as Mm and Yeah, express uniformity or awareness between the conversing persons like in this quote from the transcription 140. R Yeah, I understand enough 141. J Ah, Ok. And another is a repair, such as Huh, that ask the presenter to repeat or to put in another way a thought or an inquiry. In several state of affairs, tokens function to tote up more facet and feeling to what the presenter is aiming to convey. Speech actsIn using this method, words do not basically subsist but are brought into play to carry out points. Forming a claim is plainly one idea that can be undertaken by speech. A wide-ranging conjecture of champion must be founded on the knowledge of these mean ings and their circumstances of practice. This speech acts become more and more helpful in substance detection and categorisation of contribution of dialogues through verbal communication and content they are composed of five groups namely the commissives, directives, assertives, expressives, and declarations.Commisives are used to entrust the presenter to different strategies such as a assurance like I will not impart to anyone what you have just found out, proposal like 91. J eh (. ) Could you say that again? or hand over a guarantee such as in the transcript 19. J but when I block I will go out. Directives, conversely, try to make the addressee get something done such as a demand like Please tell me more, an instruction like Tell me about that, a suggestion like 122. R I suggest you to go to the North, it is very beautiful, a permit like You can share that if you wish., and a query like in the transcription 50. R Will you be with your family in the south? .On the contrary, assertives try to assign the addressers principle of the firm subject matter of the statement such as stating and describing like 97. J But I want to look for a job but not in Spain, in another country to improve my skills, predicting like It will surely rain tomorrow, and speculating like I wonder whether it will rain tomorrow as referred to in the transcription. Next are expressives which try to put across the addressers mental state such as a compliment like 268.R Oh perfect , an apology like 228. J Ah Sorry sorry on Saturday, a welcome like 215. R Its nice to see you again, gratitude like Thanks very much , and greetings like 245. M Hello Richard Hello Julia as recorded. And lastly are declarations which are executed by an aptly authoritative addresser such as dismissing like You are now fired , settling on like You are nonresistant on this from this day forward and condemning like I sentence you to six years in prison although these declarations are not present in the transcri ption. PragmaticsIn linguistics and semiotics, this is involved in connecting the descriptive difference between sentence gist and the presenters denotation. The analysis of how the milieu affects the version is in this case imperative. In this setting, the perspective stands for any feature as linguistic, factual, or personal that influences the real construal of symbols and terminologies. Pragmatics is concerned for the most part in utterances, typically in the structure of discussions, and a peculiarity is incorporated in it between sentence meaning and presenters way of articulating their thoughts and feelings.Additionally, it is considered as one of the most thought-provoking facets for communication novices to be able to ascertain and gain knowledge of, but it is believed that one can only actually master it with acquiring knowledge with experience. Sentence meaning is the verbatim sense of the sentence, while the speaker gist is the bits and pieces of details or facts that t he presenters are making an effort to convey. In the transcription, the speakers made use of a readily understandable language, with the use of direct words and statements, and without having any symbolisms or codes.But there are some kinds of omissions or shortcuts of the speakers sentences and some repetition of statements for emphasis. But in spite of those things, both presenters have the aptitude to comprehend what the addresser means to say. Overlaps This method expresses findings of coinciding and intersecting views, with beginning and end of overlapping remarks. The addressee eventually gets the main idea conveyed by the initial speaker right away, even if the speaker is not able to finish or complete his or her sentence, so overlapping of statements occurs.This can be seen in this quote from the transcription. 52. R Ok I will have to come down and visit you then = 53. J = Of course = In this case, the benefit of this columnar stage over the more ordinary type of transcript ion is that it illustrates how communicational symmetries or asymmetries are present between conversational participants. As a conclusion, we can deduce that transcription is indeed an influential act of representation. This account can impinge on how the information is conceptualized.The transcription procedure must be integrated more thoroughly into qualitative study frameworks and techniques. Phases of contemplation at fundamental patterns and performance details of dialogues may generate an important training and implementation in crisscross of both the course of action of study and partakers speech a distinction. The goal of translating examiners is to figure out and communicate the manner by which the members appreciate their dealings that brings into being the occurrence of social actuality.Complementary to other philosophies, the conversation analysis techniques which are applied to the transcription barely appraise natural discourse. The investigation upholds that it is fe asible to interpret a talk based on the record alone. Even if we had been taking notes while it was happening, we cant be sure wed got things down accurately, and wed probably have missed quite a lot. And if we hadnt been taking notes, then relying on later recall is doubly risky. Wed be battling against the everyday mistakes of memory as well.

Amitrade: a Problem Excercise of Cost of Capital Essay

The course material covered in weeks 4 and 5 should be sucient for doing this problem set. The questions below are for the Cost of Capital at Ameritrade case in your course packet. You can nd the data for this case on the course website in a spreadsheet named Ameritrade.xls. recreate turn in your problem set solutions by posting them to bSpace as an Excel le or pdf le. Upload a single solution for for each one group, with all group members listed on the rst page. If you turn in an Excel le, make sure the grader can understand what you did without clicking on any cells. To make that possible, please entangle cells with appropriate explanations of what you did.This problem set is due by 900 a.m. on Wednesday, 11/28. No late assignments will be accepted.Questions Assume that the investments under friendliness will be nanced with equity only (i.e., no debt nancing).1. What deem of the risk-free rate should be employed in calculating the cost of pileus for Ameritrade?2. What estima te of the market risk premium should be employed in calculating the cost of capital for Ameritrade?3. Ameritrade does not have a beta estimate since the rm has been in public traded for only a short time period. confront 4 provides various choices of comparable rms. What comparable rms do you recommend as the appropriate benchmarks for evaluating the risk of Ameritrades planned advertising and technology investments? Hints for 3 It does not matter what Ameritrade spends its investments on up-front (advertising and technology investments) since these costs are known numbers, and you are calculating the cost of capital to gure out the present value of the projected cash ows from later years. What matters is what beta the rms assets will have, where the assets are the subsequent cash ows that Ameritrade gets out of making the up-front investments. It is plausibly not useful to use a comparable that has real little data (less than 2 years, say) since the equity beta you estimate bas ed on very little data will be very noisy (you can try itlook at the standard error on your estimated equity beta).Hints for 4E To estimate the equity betas, here are some hints Please regress (raw) stock returns on (raw) market returnsyou are not given a time series for the riskless rate, so you cannot run the regression using excess stock returns and excess market returns (over the riskless rate). You use the market returns from Exhibit 6, but youll have to discuss with your group members whether you should use value-weighted or equal-weighted market returns. (The equal-weighted market return sets all the xi s to be equal.) For some of the stocks you are given data for stock prices and dividends rather than being given the stock return directly. Some of the stocks have undergone stock splits.

A Case Study of Obsessive Impulsive Disorder

A Case Study of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder more or less Diagnostic Considerations INTRODUCTION Prior to 1984, psychoneurotic inconvenience (OCD)wasconsideredarare disorder andone difficultto treat (I). In 1984 theEpidemiologic CatchmentArea (ECA) initial scene resultsbecame available for the first time, andOCDprevalence figuresshowed that2. 5%ofthepopulation metdiagnosticcriteriafor OCD (2,3). Finalsurvey results publishedin 1988(4) confirmed theseearlier reports. Inadd-on, a 6-monthpoint prevalence of1. 6%was observed,andalifetimeprevalenceof 3. 0% wasfound.OCD isan illness of secrecy, and often thepatientspresentto physicians inspecialties another(prenominal) than psychiatry. Another factor contri besidesing to under diagnosis ofthis disorderis thatpsychiatrists ma y fail to ask screening questionsthat would identifyOCD. Thefollowing case contract isan exampleofa patientwith moderately severe OCDwhopresentedtoaresidentpsychiatryclinicten years prior to existence diagnosed with OCD. The patientwascompliant with step to the fore patient treatment for theentire timeperiodand was hard-boilight-emitting diodeformajordepressivedisorderand border line nature disorder with medication s and appurtenantpsychotherapy.The patient neer discussedher OCD symptomswith her doctorsbut in retrospect had offered m both cluesthat might have allowedaswifterdiagnosis and treatment. CASEHISTORY Simran Ahuja was a 29 yearold,divorced,indian female who workedas a file clerk. Shewas followed as anout patientat thesameresidentclinic since1971. Ifirst saw her 2012. other(prenominal) PSYCHIATRIC HISTORY Simran had beenseen in theresidentout patientclinic since July of 1984. Priortothis shehad not beenin psychiatric treatment. Shehad never been hospitalized.Her initialcomplaints were low gear and anxietyand she had been placed onan phenelzineand responded swell up. Herdepressionwasinitially thoughtto besecondary to amphetamine withdrawal, since shehad been usingdietpillsfor 10years. She expressthat at firstshetook them to lose weight,butcontinued forsolong because people at work had noted that sheconcentratedbetterand that her job performance had improved. In addition,her past doctors hadallcommented on her limitedibility tochangeand her regardiness, insecurity,lowself-esteem,and poor boundaries. In addition,her past doctors had notedher promiscuity.All notedher poor attention deny and limited capacityfor insight. Neurologicaltesting during her initialevaluation had sh throw the mishap of non-dominant parietallobe famines. Testingwas repeatedin 1989 andshowed problems in attention ,recent ocular and verbal memory(witha greater deficitin visual memory),abstract thought, cognitive flexibility, useof mathematical operations, and visual analysis. A possibility of right temporal dysfunction issuggested. IQ testing showed acom bine d score of 77 on the Adult WeschlerIQ test ,whichindicated borderlinementalretardation.Over the yearsthe patient had been ma intainedon variousantidepressantsand antianxiety agents. Theseincludedphenelzine,trazadone, desipramine, alprazolam, clonazapam,and hydroxyzine. Currentlyshewas on fluoxetine20mgdaily and clonazaparn 0. 5 mgtwicea day and 1. 0 mg at bedtime . The antidepressantshad been effective over the years in treating her depression. Shehasnever applymore clonazapam than prescribed and there was no history ofabuseof intoxicant or street drugs. Also, there was no historyof discreetmanic episodes andshewasnever treated with neurolepics.PAST MEDI CAL HISTORY She suffered fromgastroesophageal reflux andwas maintainedsymptom free on a combinationofranitidineandomeprazole. PSYCHOSOCIALHISTORY Simran wasbornandraise d inalarge city. She had a brother who was3 years younger. Shedescribeher goas morose , withdrawn,and recalledthat he has said, I dontlikemychildren. Her be occurter wasphysically andverbally abusive throughout herchildhood. Shehadal agencys longedfor a good relationshipwith him. Shedes cribedher impart asthefamily martyr and theglue thatheldthefamily together.She stated thatshewasverycloseto hermotherher mother always angle of dipenedto her and wasalwaysavailable to talk with her. Shewas a poor student,had difficulty all through school , and described herselfas always disruptingtheclass by talking or runningaround. Shehadabest friend through grade school whomshestated woebegone herin superiorschool. Shehad maintainedfew closefriends sincethen . She graduated high school with much difficulty andeffort. Shedated ongroup datesbut never alone. Her husbandleft herwhileshe waspregnant with herson.The husbandwas abus driverand had not hadarole in theirlivessince thedivorce. Afte r thedivorce,she movedbackto her parentshomewith her sonandremained there until getting herown apartment3 years ago. FAMILY HISTORY Simransmotherhad twoserioussuicide attempts atage 72 and wasdiagnosed with majordepressivedisorder with psychotic featuresand OCD. She in like manner had non- insulin dependentdiabetesmellitus and irritablebowelsyndrome. Herbrother was treatedfor OCDas an outpatientfor thepast20 years and also has Hodgkins Disease, currently in remission.The brothers diagnosis ofOCD was kept secret fromherand did not becomeavailableto her until her mother died. Her fatherisalive and well. MENTAL STATUS EXAM Shewas athin,bleachedblond womanwho appeared herstatedage. Shewas dressed inskintight, instigativeclothing,costume jewelry earringsthat eclipsed her earsand hung to hershoulders, heavymake-up andelaboratelystyled hair. Shehad difficultysittingstilland fidgetedconstantlyinherchair. Her body language through outthe audiencewassexually provocative. Her speech wasrapid,mildly pressured,andsherarely finisheda sentence.Shedescribedhermoodas anxious. Her affect appeared anxious. Herthoughtprocesses showed mildcircumstantiality and tangentiality. More significantwas her inability to finish athoughtas exhibited by her incompletesentences. COURSEOF TREATMENT I nitialsessions with thepatient werespentgathering historyand forming a workingalliance. Althoughsheshowed agoodresponsebyslowingdown enough to finishsentences and focus onconversations,shecould not toleratethe side cause andrefusedtocontinue taking the medication. Thewinterof1993-94wasparticularlyharsh.Thepatientmissedmany sessions because ofbad weather. A patternbegantoemergeofaconsistent augmentin the numberof phonecalls thatshemadeto the office voicemail tocancela session. Whenshe was questioned roughly her phonemessages she stated,I always repeatcalls to make sure mymessageis received. Sincethemost recent cancellation generatedno less than six phone calls ,shewas asked why asecond call wouldntbeenough to besure . Shelaughednervously andsaid,Ialways repeatthings. With careful questioningthe following carriageswere uncovered.The patient check offedall locksand windows repeatedlybeforeretiring. Shechecked the urge on a dozen timesbefore leaving the house . Shecheckedher doorlo ckahundredtimes beforeshewas able toget in hercar. The patient aftermathed her hands frequently. She carried disposablewashcloths inher purse so Ican wash asoftenas I need too. Shesaid peopleat work laughat herfor washingsomuch. But shestated,Ican t answer it. Ive been this waysinceI wasalittle girl. Whenquestionedabout telling formerdoctorsabout this,thepatientstated that shehad nevertalkedabout it with her doctors.Shestatedthateveryone that knewhersimply knewthatthiswasthewayshewasItsjustme . Infact , shestated, I didntthink my doctorswouldcare .Ive alwaysbeen thiswaysoitsnot somethingyou canchange . Over the attachedfew sessions, it became micturatethat her argumentswith her boyfriend centeredonhis annoyance with her needtoconstantly repeatthings. This waswhat shealways referred toas talking too much. Insessions itwasobserved thatheranxiety,neediness and poor boundariesarose over issues of misplacing things in her purse and insurance forms that were incorrectlyfilledout.Infac t,when Iattempted to correct theinsurance forms for her, I had difficulty because of her need to repeat theinstructions to meover and over. The Introduction Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterised by persistent obsessional thoughts and/or compulsive acts. Obsessions are recurrent ideas, images or impulses, which enter the individuals mind in a stereotyped manner and against his will. Often such thoughts are absurd, obscene or violent in nature, or else senseless. Though the patient recognises them as his own, he feels powerless over them.Similarly,compulsive acts or rituals are stereotyped behaviours, performed repetitively without the completion of any inherently useful task. The commonest obsession problematical is fear of contamination by dirt, germs or grease, leading to compulsive cleaning rituals. other(a) themes of obsessions include aggression, orderliness, illness, sex, symmetry and religion. Other compulsive behaviors include checking and counting, often in a ritualistic manner, and over a magical number of times. About 70% of OCD patients suffer from both bsessions and compulsions obsessions alone occur in 25%, whilst compulsions alone are rare. 1nshe spentten minutes checking and recheckingtheformagainst the receipts. Shebecame convinced that sheddone it wrong, her anxiety would increase, andshewouldgetthe forms outand checkthem again. Herneed to includeme in thischeckingwasso greatthat shewas almost physically ontopofmychair. In thefollowingweeks,session sfocusedoneducating thepatient aboutOCD. Herdose of fluoxetinewas increasedto 40 mgaday but discontinued becauseof severe restlessness and insomnia.She continued to seize 20mg offluoxetine a day. Startinganother medication inaddition to fluoxetinewas difficult because of the patientsobsessivethoughtsaboutweight gain, thenumberofpillsshewastaking, and thepossible side effects . Finally,thepatient agreed to try addingclomipramine to her medications. Theresults were dramatic. Shefeltmore relaxed and had less anxiety. Shebegan to talk, forthefirsttime, about herabusivefather. She said,His behavior was always supposedto be the familysecret. I feltso afraidandanxious I didntdare tellanyone.But nowIfeel better. I dont care whoknows. Itscost mymothertoomuchtostaysilent. Atthis timetheplan is to begin behavioral therapy withthepatientinaddition to medication sandsupportive therapy todeal with herdifficulties with relationships. DISCUSSION This isa complicatedcasewith multiple diagnoses borderlinementalretardation,attention deficit disorder,borderlinepersonalitydisorder,ahistoryofmajor depressive disorder andobsessive compulsive disorder. Given thelevelofcomplexity ofthiscase and thepatient sown silenceabout hersymptoms,itisnot urprisingthat thispatients OCD remainedundiagnosedforsolong. However,inreviewingthe literatureand the case,it is instructive tolookat theevidence thatmighthaveledto an earlier diagnosis. First ofall,therewas thefindingof soft neurological deficits. The patients Neuropsychological testing suggestedproblemswithvisuospacialfunctioningn visual memory,as well asattentional difficultiesandalow IQ. In thepast,her doctors were so impressedwith her history ofcognitive difficultiesthatneuropsychological testing wasorderedon two elucidate occasions.Fourstudies in therecent literature haveshown consistent findings ofright hemispheric dysfunction,specificallydifficultiesin visuospatialtasks, associatedwith OCD(6,7,8,9). The patient also had a historyof chronic dieting,andalthough exceedinglythin, she continue d to beobsessed with notgaininga single pound. This wasapatient who took dietpills for 10years and whosee earliest memoriesinvolvedher fathers disapproval ofher bodyhabitus. Eatingdisorders areviewed bysomecliniciansasa formofO C D. OC D.Swedo and Rapoport (II)also notean increased incidenceofeating disorders in childrenandadolescentswithOCD. Whilethis wasno doubt true,the underlyingobsessionalcontent pointed directlyto OCD and should havegenerated a list of screening questionsfor OCD. This underscorestheneed to bevigilant for diagnostic clues and to perform onesown diagnostic assessment whenassuming the treatmentof anypatient. While theliteraturemakesit clear that OCDruns in families,thepatient was unaware of theillnessin her familyuntil afterher diagnosiswas made.Itwould have beenhelpful to know this informationfrom the springas it shouldimmediatelyraise a suspicion of OCD in a patientpresentingwith complaintsofdepression and anxiety. Finally,her diagnosis of borderlinepersonalitydisordermadeiteasier to stand outoff her observablebehaviorin the office asfurtherevidenceofhercharacter structure. The diagnosis of borderlinepersonalitydisorder wasclear. Sheused the defense lawyers of splittingas evidence d by her descriptionsof her fightswith her boyfriend . He was eitherwonderful or acomplete bastard. Herrelationships werechaoticand unstable.She had no close friends outsideof her family . Sheexhibitedaffective instability, markeddisturbance of bodyimageand impulsive behaviors. However, it was difficult to discern whether hersymptoms were trulycharacter logicalor referableinsteadto her underlyingOCD and relatedanxiety. For instance,theinstabilityin her relationships was,inpart,the resultofher OCD, sinceonce shebegan to obsessonsomething,sherepeatedherself so muchthatshefrequentlydrove others intoarage. Astudy by Ricciardi,investigatedDSM-III-R Axis II diagnoses following treatment for OCD.Overhalfofthepatients in the studyno longer met DSM-III-Rcriteria for personality disorders afterbehavioraland/or pharmacological treatmentoftheirOCD. Theauthorsconclude thatthisraises questionsaboutthe validityof an AxisII diagnosisin the display caseofOCD. One might also beginto wonder how manypatientswith personalitydisordershave undiagnosedOCD? Rasmussenand Eisenfound a very high comorbidity ofother Axis I diagnoses in patientswith OCD. Thirty-onepercent of patients studiedwere also diagnosed with majordepression, andanxiety disorders accounted for twenty-four percent.Other coexisting disordersincluded eating disorders, alcoholabuseand dependence, and Tourettes syndrome. Baer,investigatedthe comorbidityof AxisII disordersin patientswith OCDand found that 52percentmetthe criteria forat least onepersonalitydisorderwith mixed,dependentand histrionic beingthemost common disorders diagnosed. Giventhefrequency of comorbidity in patientswith OCD,it wouldbe wise to includescreening questionsineverypsychiatricevaluation. Theseneednotbe elaborate. Questions aboutchecking,washing,and ntrusive,unwanted thoughts can besimpleand direct. Ineliciting afamily history,specificquestions aboutfamily memberswho checkrepeatedlyorwashfrequentlyshouldbe included. Simply asking ifanyfamily memberhasOCDmaynotelicittheinformation, sincefamily members mayalso be undiagnosed. Insummary, thiscaserepresents a complicateddiagnosticpuzzle. Herpast physiciansdid not have theinformationwe d otodayto unravelthetangled skeinsof symptoms. Itisimportant to bealertforthepossibilitythat thispatient s story is not anuncommon one.BIBLIOGRAPHY * Psychology book (NCERT) * Identical * Suicidal notes * A psychopath test pilgrimage through the world of madness * Disorder of impulse control by Hucker INDEX * Introduction * Case study * Course of treatment * Discussion * Bibliography acknowledgment I would like to express my special give thankss and gratitude to my teacher Mrs. Girija Singh who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic obsessive-compulsive disorder, which also helped me in doing a lot of research and I came to know about so many new things.Secondly I would also like to thank my family and my friends who helped me a lot in finishing this project. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Jailaxmi Rathore of class 12 has successfully completed the project on psychology titled obsessive-compulsive disorder under the guidance of Mrs. Girija Si ngh. Also this project project is as per cbse guidelines 2012-2013. Teachers signature (Mrs. Girija Singh) (Head of psychology department) 2012-2013 PSYCHOLOGY PROJECT NAME OF THE campaigner JAILAXMI RATHORE CLASS XII ARTS B SCHOOL MGD GIRLS SCHOOL

Prewar Marxism in Japan Essay

Marxism was coined after its proponent, Karl Marx who believed that the abuses of capitalism would eventually lead to uprisings of the masses oddly of the working class. According to him, the aggrieved plight of the working class will become the key in unleashing the inevitable clashes between the classes. In his argument, Capitalism will be replaced by Communism, in which in his view, this set-up of free economy opens a gate to many inequalities in the society, making the weak and poor more vulnerable to the flaws of the system.As Uno Kozo observed in his work, The Essence of Capital, The commodification of the labor force remains the crux of Capitalism (SJT, pp.243). To Marx belief, Communism is the common ownership of the means of production. There would be public ownership of farms, factories, raw materials, and the like. To him, all means of production will be owned by the workers and all workers would eventually become workers. In Japan, Marxism was beginning(a) introduced in the late 1890s but it was in the 1920s that it started to catch attention and support from the people especially from the intellectuals (SJT, pp 239 Beckmann, pp. 139). The early Marxists belonged to two different groups, the reformers and the varietyary. The reformers followed Tolstoian humanitarianism, advocated oecumenic suffrage, and pursued reforms through parliamentary action. While the revolutionaries believed in the Materialist ideas from the German and French Marxist. They adhered to the idea of class struggle and direct revolutionary action by graded workers. The revolutionaries were overly attracted to the tactics of the anarcho-syndicalism (Beckmann pp. 140). The miscellaneous differences of principles of the Early Marxists in Japan had initially signaled that a strong unified group would be quite a repugn to create a remarkable impact. In fact, at its onset Marxism was already noted with three general flaws such as its systematic character that degenerates int o dogmatism putative universality that recalls its foreign origin and its critical modus operandi that provokes infighting and organizational fragmentation (SJT, pp241 ). But all these are generalized observations sums up probable enlightenment on why it seemed to appear that prewar Marxism was never a political success. However, it is pertinent to note that these observations envelopes one or more historical accounts and empirical evidences of the progresses and demise of prewar Marxism in Japan. The idea of Marxism had its strong appeal in the university circle composed mainly of the professors and students. In fact, one of its early and notable supporters was Kawakami Hajime of the Kyoto Imperial University. He wrote whitethorn treatises on Marxism and provided valuable assistance to other advocates in the persons of Sakai Toshihiko, Arahata Kanson among others (Beckmann pp. 145). At that time, the battleground was published material like newspaper wherein people can be assured and get influenced at the same time.At some point, it created impact and stirred the discontentment of the people resulting to the clamor for reforms in Japanese society. This clamor was highlighted more by the onset of the Japan Modernization process in which new demands for the fundamental changes in the society is created (Beckamm pp146). To quote Beckamm, Marxism was attractive to them because it provided the fullest explanation of the idea of progress that they had soon enough encountered. They were easily seduced by the Marxist proposition that through the dialectic progress was inevitable. Dialectical materialism gave them (supporters) a scientific methodology for analyzing Japanese society, as well as general principles of strategy for effecting change. But no matter how ardent the campaign was and how dynamic the intellectual debates were, history underscores that prewar Marxism fell scant(p) in achieving its much desired political change. The variables affecting this r esult are attributed to both external and internal difficulties encountered by the group. It is believed that too much emphasis on theoretical conceptualization has left the advocates confused on what is real and what is not. And what is real during that time, is the dominance of the conservative elite who managed to uphold Japanese value system. All serious institutions of Japanese society inculcated obedience, loyalty, and status over freedom, individual rights, and equality.All these summed up to hostilities of the society to individuals who think otherwise. Thus, it resulted to numerable defection from Communism and Socialism parties. It may in like manner be relevant to note that conservative value system of Japanese society and the so called patterns of behavior during the modernization period contributed to the prevention of basic disgust from being open clashes. Many intellectuals may be vocal in their convictions but a greater number of them seemed anxious to join the ma ss hurly gruff maybe because of the behavioral patterns pervading in the society and of the enveloping obligation not to disgrace the family through deviation from the generally accepted behavior.Another pitfall of the prewar Marxism is the very nature that the ideology was alien and much worse, dependent on the support of a foreign solid ground which is labeled as enemy and competition of their own country. It could not simply break the much preferred paradigm of Japanese Nationalism and Confucianism. Furthermore, the movement cannot fight equally with the raw power of the state especially of its police and military predisposition. This is for the obvious reason that communists had no civil liberties to protect them. As a matter of fact, party organizations were dismantled through various man-arrest in 1923, 1928, 1929, and much frequently in the 1930s. These arrests made it difficult for the advocates to maintain a substantial number that could function effectively for its caus e (Beckamm, pp 148-150) Much had been utter by the writings and works of the early believers but less had been done. In the labor movement itself, the support and participation was only a small per centum of the whole sector. Many who joined the cause were in the small and medium enterprises and almost none from the large industries.A few participation reflected that many soak up gone disillusioned or remained uninspired by the movement due to many failures of negotiations and strikes. The same also goes for the peasants, the Japanese agricultural communities and families were unreceptive and to some billhook were hostile to Communism and Socialism. This maybe because the peasant movement lacks single central leadership that could adopt had become an effective channel of influence (Beckamm, pp150). The Commintern Policy also posted a challenge to the thriving ideology of Marxism. It added certain degree of divisiveness among the people in the movement. Also, it provided a very good issue that kept the proponents sprightly in arguing as to which would be the good and effective direction to heed towards the desired impact on Japanese society. Is it the bourgeois-democratic or the pro permitarian revolution? Again, it brood disunity, conflict, and frustration among themselves. The defection of Etsuzo, Sano, and Nabeyama also influenced fellow believers to defect and to condemn all together the principles and actions of the group they once pledge allegiance and commitment (Beckmann, pp160 166). In totality, prewar Marxism in Japan made numerous progresses and successes in bringing out brilliance among Japanese intellectuals. However, it was never translated into a political action that would have given life to the very essence of the teachings of Karl Marx. Though numerous reasons tried to explain this result, but maybe the only reason true enough to give away its failure is the one said by George Beckmann, the very nature of Japanese society made it extrem ely difficult, if not impossible, for a Communist movement to exist, let alone operate with any degree of effectivenessto Marxist-Leninist terms, the objective conditions were not at all favorable. (Beckmann pp. 152)

Newton’s Second Law Lab

Newtons 2nd Law Lab Introduction The purpose of this lab was to prove Newtons 2nd Law which states animate equals hug divided by cud (a=F/m). During this lab we were trying to find out the relationship between acceleration, hurtle, and mass by using a air track, glider with picket enclose, and photogates. Before I did the lab, I had already knew that acceleration, force, and mass were related. I just didnt know how they were related. When evinceing the results of this lab we had to record the applied force in Newtons.Newtonss is a unit of measurement represented in m(meters) divided by s2(seconds squared). I think that F/m=a because in Newtons second law, he tells us that force is equal to mass times acceleration (f=ma), so if you resume the mass and divided by both sides to cancel it out on the right, you would end up with a=f/m. Procedure First we weighed the glider and fence with the string attached, in kg(kilograms). Then we recorded in the table. Next we weighed the mass of the hanging weight in kg and recorded it in the table.Then we found the ingrained mass being accelerated in kg by adding the mass of the hanging glider to the mass of the hanging weight. Fourth we found the applied force by taking the mass of the hanging weight and multiplying it by 9. 8(gravity). Then we found the theoretical acceleration by using the formula a=F/m and plugged in the total mass for m and the applied force for F. By taking F and dividing it by m we can up with the theoretical acceleration. We then looked on the time graphical record and found the experimental acceleration by looking at the slope of the velocity time graph and recorded it on the table.Lastly we found the percentage difference by taking experimental acceleration, subtracting it from the theoretical acceleration, and then dividing that repartee by the theoretical acceleration. We then took that answer and multiplied it by 100 to give us a percent. We then reweighed the glider each time and increa sed the mass of the hanging weight. Then we restate steps three through seven, 15 more times so we had enough data. Results/Observations Result are on the attacked sheet. Durning the lab, I observed that the more mass that was on the hanging weight the less accretion.Also the more mass, the hurrying the glider went. I also noticed the more weighted you taped onto the glider the faster the glider went. Analysis/Conclusion I think a=f/m because in Newtons second law, he tells us that force is equal to mass times acceleration (f=ma), so if you take the mass and divided by both sides to cancel it out on the right, you would end up with a=f/m. After this lab, we proved that this theory is right because when you look at the theoretical and experimental acceleration data and you look at the percent difference, they vary from 2. 6% to 18%, which is really good.The numbers are not perfect because of errors in the lab. Some of the possible errors could be from, software calculation and the route we rounded our numbers, the air track had a little bit of friction and the weight of our hanging weight could have hit the ground and fell dispatch before the picket fence went threw the the photogate. In conclusion, our lab proved that acceleration does equal force divided mass because when we took the applied force and divided it by the total mass and come up with the theoretical acceleration, our data result came back with an average percent difference is 5. 04 which is less then 10%

Barriers to Effective Communication Essay

The importance of communication in tout ensemble professions is often under-estimated. In the criminal justice line of business there is no excuse for misconception and one(a) mistake could affect multiple parties. This paper will outline the barriers in effective communication, how they affect the criminal justice heavens and more grandly how to overcome such(prenominal) barriers. We will explore the process of communication, its atoms, informal and formal forms of communication and then the difference amidst listening and hearing. communion ProcessCommunication often measure involves two multitude a vector and a receiver. With law enforcement this gouge involve inter ad hominem communication amid a citizen and an officer or between a detective and an officer or it stack be group communication in which parties of tierce of more atomic number 18 complex in communicating amongst separately other. The communication process involves quintuplet of the following steps Transmitting an idea, sending the idea through and through with(predicate) a medium, the receiver acquiring the heart and decoding it, Understanding the heart through decoding and then the come through step providing feedback to the transmitter.However numerous parties be present, communication exists of three main components Verbal, Paraverbal and nonverbal messages. (Wallace, 2009) With the use of the communication process and the following three components we croupe clearly begin to understand the message of the sender. Verbal communication is the act of speaking or writing and the select sound out choice we use to get a message to the receiver. The general message one intends to get across such as a simple order from a higher(prenominal) level officer will reach the receiver and they begin to decode the message.Depending on the word choice, it potbelly any lead to misconception or be fully understood for its intentions. For example the sender may recite something eq uivalent to Did you not read the crime report this morning? and the sender may decode this as the officer saying he failed to do his job simply due to the use of the word not. straighta manner this may have been what the officer was saying but maybe it was not, perhaps he was saying it in a joking matter, thats why we must imagine into more components.Paraverbal communication is the choice of speech we choose mixed with the way in which we decide to use them or using them within a message. Literally two people could say the same exact sentence and each kitty affix tone or infliction of the voice and it fee-tail two different things. Going back to the airplane pilot submitment above, if the officer puts more tone around the word not than he is emphasizing the word and he is most presumable using some sort of sarcasm. Next we can look at this sentence mixed with the last component Nonverbal communication, in which no words are use but instead body language to express the ide a or message.If the officer is indeed attempt to be sarcastic with the above message he may use a simple go through gesture or raise his eyebrows or til now draw a smirk upon his face. These are all signs that the officer is being rude or sarcastic toward the other officer. However that simple sentence when evaluating or changing the different components can be decoded differently. Thats why we must evaluate each component then apply it to the message when we are the decoder. Taking all this in and understanding the components will cooperate lead to a more professional decoding of messages.Informal Vs. glob Weather communication is spoken or written there are two basic communication channels Formal and Informal. Formal communication is usually one in which an organization follows a chain of command such as formal orders, directives and written memorandums. (Wallace, 2009) While formal communication is crucial to the flow of communication within a police force organization it also has disadvantages. While it often generation supports nurturing of the authority within an organization it can also lead to a larger amount of misconception.This misconception is due to the particular that because formal communication can tend to be more time consuming and usually requires a written record of things verbalize this alone hinders the free flow of communication. The free flow of communication as a missing chemical element concurs it harder for effective communication as many will refuse to give a individualal opinions or beliefs on certain matters. With formal communication there is a lot of change and often times change doesnt necessarily means e trulyone will agree.Within a police organization laws are constantly changing and many officers may not agree with these laws but must abide by them. This is where formal communication has the advantage of uniformity so that it coiffes it easier to stop crime and protect citizens when all officers are on the same p age despite any personal opinions or beliefs. This helps get the message across clear and concise between officers, sergeants and even citizens. Informal communication is more free flowing and arises extracurricular of channels in the formal channels often known as the grape vine or even partal gossip.According to the Wallace Authors of Written and interpersonal communication Methods for law enforcement (2009), informal communication arises due to the personal needs of members of an organization and can be good for divisions. While in the criminal justice field the accuracy of teaching is important it is still helpful to find information about crime through informal channels. unrivaled example that supports this idea is a scenario involving a missing person, and in a footling town people may know or provide information about the whereabouts of an individual when last seen that could help with the investigation.An officer may walk into a coffee shop and be approached by a citize n who tells him a unique fact about the person or a relationship they had with another person within the town. While there opinions may be just that, an opinion, it may also be rich information within the event of the crime. As you can see information flows within an organization either formally or informally. It can flow upward, downward, lateral or diagonal. Meaning it can move up a chain from citizen to officer to Sherriff to sergeant or down ward in the reverse order.It can even be lateral as it may be distributed to all sheriffs within a articulate then downward to officers within the cities and towns. The flow of communication can slow get misinterpreted as it moves through different channels within the criminal justice system. There are many more parties involved and when relaying information about a high profile criminal investigation and the facts surrounding the investigation important information can get shortened or left out.Listening Vs. Hearing Barriers in Communic ationBarriers in communication include horny barriers, physical barriers, semantic barriers and ineffective listening. Lets look into a common mistake we all make while communicating Emotional Involvement. Whether you are the sender or the receiver in a conversation many people encode messages and relate them to emotional experiences. (Wallace, 2009) Often times if an officer has low self-esteem due to past issues with communication, and he may gift back valuable information or postpone great ideas that he could bring forth to the department to help solve a crime.The best way to overcome this is through peer support, often times there is a greater picture beyond just safety for pairing up police officers. If you sour for a long time with the same partner you begin to break out of a shell and confide more to that officer which may enhance the way you communicate with everyone. The need to prevent our self-esteem is universal (Wallace, 2009) Physical barriers are common in the new world of technology this could easily be a computer crashing and no way to receive emails that are important.The easiest fix for this is keeping software product up to date and also having an IT department handy, as well as a backup for these malfunctions for when they do happen. Semantic barriers are a little more difficult because it relates back to how no two people have a universal agreement on the meaning of specific terms or words. One officer might say something to the effect of Ive had enough and the word enough can easily be interpreted many ways as many of us fill in information that is not given.In these circumstances its break up to challenge the sender and ask What do you mean youve had enough. This will force the sender to clearly state what they are feeling so you can better interpret where the conversation is heading. One of the largest barriers in effective communication is the lack of understanding the difference between listening and hearing. This barrier of in effective listening can easily be explained by the simple fact that as humans our thought speed is much greater than our speaking speed. When someone else is talking we can easily ignore the true message or day dream while not salaried attention.Yes, you are hearing but you are not listening or absorbing the persons valuable information which means youre more prone to misinterpretation. According to Network World, a come out created to improve management skills, When it comes to the similarities between listening and hearing, the only one is you use your ears for both. After that, theyre very different. (Shaw, 2003) If a citizen has a complaint about another officer and if all the officer is doing is writing in a notepad, providing little input, the citizen will be able to sense this bad vibe and more than likely feel offended.While maybe the officer is able to hear them they are not listening to the disturb in there voice or even finding a way to make up to the citizen for the problem they had with one of their co-workers. In the police world there are already plenty of reasons citizens wear thint confide in policemen and women, some even resenting them, we cannot add another reason to that list. In this stake one must listen to the concern and resolve and reassure the citizen to help build up the conceive we may have lost.To improve your listening skills it is suggested to repeat back what the citizen may have said that way they know you are attentive and are taking into consideration what they said. (Shaw, 2003) Also giving yourself time to work through and decode a citizens information in these scenarios will be help for you to make the most appropriate response making the flow of conversation a more successful one for both parties. Summary While the list of communication barriers is much longer, there is no improvement that doesnt help the matter. Communication is a learned process which also means it can be a changed process.Whether it is learning the difference between informal and formal channels and the way we should respond in each channel to fighting emotional, physical, or semantic barriers, there is a solution to overcome these issues. As state above on the difference between listening and hearing time management is the largest improvement anyone could make in communication. Not rushing communication but instead taking time to analyze and evaluate the situation to get a better understand is the main ingredient in success to effective communication. We must all slow our thought process, and do as weve been told many times before conceptualize before you speak

Linden Hills Gender Analysis Essay

unslaked lime Hills by Gloria Naylor successfully creates a chilling argument against suppressive immemorial societies and families. She vividly exposes the implications of what can conk to a society when cultural traits, morality and close family and exchangeableness ties take a backseat to the attainment of material things and status become the driving force for people. They eat, sleep, and breathe for one thing making it (Naylor 39). This quote is from Lester in a conversation with his friends, summing up the people of hydrated lime Hills, of which he begrudgingly is one of.Although he lives on the prohibited roughly circle of Linden Hills, he feels nonhing but disgust and contempt for the neighborhood as a whole. This scene early in the book Linden Hills lays the groundwork for a journey by dint of the neighborhood with Lester and his friend Willie that reveals the negative impact when a society focuses on things and status and loses touch with its mavin of community and family. We will see how Willie, an discoversider from Putney Wayne with no education and no money, is the one with the greatest essence of character and morality.As Lester and Willie pop off throughout Linden Hills in an effort to make a scant(p) money, they en sound reflection residents who have compromised themselves in one way or another in pronounce to run short to Linden Hills. The scarce way to make it into this coveted neighborhood is to be hand picked by Luther Nedeed. Naylors description of Nedeed with his short squat body and protruding eyes (3) conjures up an evil and almost unh all in allowed picture in the lecturers mind. The pilot light Luther Nedeed passed guttle(p) not only his name to all the subsequent generations of males, but in any case his disturbing physical characteristics.The foundation of Linden Hills itself was formed by the original Nedeed who sold his octoroon wife and 6 children (Naylor 2) for the money to buy the land. Over the years the subsequent Nedeeds built on this foundation by c arfully choosing the residents. The Nedeeds chose only those who were hungry for materialism and status and would not adjure all opposition. Ironically, in Linden Hills, moving up meant moving d accept. Status increased as you moved d throw the hill, with the most coveted residences being on Tupelo Drive, closest to Luther Nedeed.Lester and Willie begin their trip into Linden Hills at Lesters house whither the reader meets Lesters mother, Mrs. Til intelligence and his sister Roxanne. Both of the ladies of the house give the impression that they are not content being on the outermost circle of Linden Hills and would like to move down the hill. Mrs. Tilson has an over the top propriety to her behavior and states I was never one for keeping up with the Joness but its pretty embarrassing to have the worst house on the block and to honourable settle for that (Naylor 51).Roxanne is determined to marry well or not at all (Naylor 53) and to achieve this she had salaried her dues to the Civil Rights Movement by wearing an afro for six months and enrolling in black hi report card courses in college (Naylor 53). She has also used a decades worth of bleaching creams and hair relaxers (Naylor 53). Many of these behaviors deny their unique cultural characteristics, as though in order to make it in this coveted black community, it is necessary to deny what makes them unique and to bet less black.Even Roxannes love interest Xavier, a successful black trademan, becomes panicky at the pattern of falling in love with a black woman, calling it one of the most terrifying experiences of his life (Naylor 97). He even seeks the advice of a coworker on the matter. In his review of Linden Hills, African American Whiteness in Gloria Naylors Linden Hills, Tim Engles describes Roxanne as an avid social climber interest in marrying rich who actively whitens her natural appetites and those aspects of herself that are commonly a ssociated with blackness.He also calls her attempts to enshroud her race as superficial and hypocritical. On their first day of work in Linden Hills, Willie and Lester encounter the wedding of Winston Alcott. Winston is denying a fundamental part of who he is by marrying a woman. In acrimony of his hidden long term relationship with David, he is turning his back on it all because as Nedeed tells him, its the only way if a man wants to get roundwhere in Linden Hills (Naylor 75). As the boys perform work for Mr.Parker, who recently lost his wife, a scene plays out in his house as people come to pay their respects. This scene shows how far removed the residents are from their own culture. While discussing a possible housing project near Linden Hills, the unfavorable comments coming from everyone seem to represent a great deal of discrimination towards their own race. Referring to those that would potentially reside in these houses as people like that and remedial cases and trouble m akers (Naylor 133).Where there should be some sense of community and wanting to help those in their own culture achieve better for themselves, these residents are so far removed from any lineament of community or culture they instead refer to their own race as dirty niggers and give to keep them out of their community (Naylor 135). Nedeed even encourages the residents to align with the Wayne County Citizens Alliance which is full of some of the most sickening racists on this side of the continent(Naylor 137). The entire motivation for aligning with them is purely financial.The residents are willing to fail their souls to the devil so to speak in order to maintain their financial and material gains. The farther they travel down the hill, the greater the display of wealth as testifyd by the increased size of the houses. On Fifth Crescent Drive, they encounter Reverend Hollis. Willie is familiar with the reverend and thinks fondly of him, as he went to the Christmas parties at the reverends church as a child. As the reader find outs though, Reverend Holllis has lost only when about everything important to him.He may live in a coveted area and advocate at the nicest church, but inside he is an unfulfilled lonely alcoholic who has also lost his wife in the process. He doesnt gain any fulfillment from preaching to his parish. The residents of Linden Hills sit unbendable and unmoved in the pews with no sense of community and no spiritual souls. He still has a passion for ministry, however his congregation does not. He tries to inspire his congregation at the funeral service for Lycentia Parker, but the reader gets the sense of the groups discomfort.They are not comfortable with him calling them out on their materialistic ways and pointing out that none of those things matter when you leave this world. The parish sits in the pews with their rose colored glasses on, unwilling to see things as they unfeignedly are. Laurel Dumont is introduced to the reader, fi rst as a young child who spends many happy summers with her gran in the sulphur. It is during these summers that Laurel finds her love for swimming and diving.As an adult, Laurel becomes a very successful business woman at IBM, marries well, and winds up living on Tupelo Drive, the most coveted address in Linden Hills. In the process though, she lost herself. The reader sees everything unravel as she realizes she no longer knows her own identity, even making a trip back home to her grandmothers in the south trying to find herself. She has the money and the address and the high paying job, but no idea who she is or where she fits in. As a result her married couple fails and she ends up committing suicide.Ironically, she uses her once loved talent of diving to start herself. Tim Engles in his piece on Linden Hills, points out that Naylor suggests that the residents of the lower reaches of Linden Hills have repressed so much of themselves and of their former, sustaining communal co nnections, that they are beyond recovery. The final and greatest example of Linden Hills as a neighborhood that has put its value in the materialistic instead of the spiritualistic takes regularize at the very bottom of Linden Hills. I believe Linden Hills was created upside down for a reason.Luther Nedeed lives at the very bottom and can see everything. His position is the most coveted, valued and feared. His being at the bottom is representative of the devil and hell. Through all generations of Nedeeds and their lookling, manipulating, monetary ways, they have created a toxic environment that in the end, leads to its demise. Nedeeds own neighborhood stands by and watches out their windows as his house destroy with him inside. The one person who tries to do something to help is Willie, the outsider from Putney-Wayne.He doesnt have money or a nice house, but he has more compassion and morality than anyone who lives on the hills. They stand at their windows and watch it burn, all compassion and sense of duty to a fellow neighbor non-existent. Whatever precariousness Willie had prior to that moment, we see him come to realize what is real and important in life. The reader sees that Willie has betd out how terribly wrong things are in Linden Hills. There is a man in a house at the bottom of a hill. And his wife has no name(Naylor 277).This line from one of Willies poems about Nedeeds wife is representative of generations of Mrs. Nedeeds. The sole purpose of a Nedeed wife was to produce a son and by doing so, perpetuating generations of patriarchal rule by the Nedeed men. The original Luther Nedeed sold his wife and children in order to buy the land for Linden Hills. He eventually brought back a young wife, whose name is not even mentioned, who gave him a son to carry on his fathers work in the mortuary and the building up of the land. The storey is built around the great great grandson of the original Luther and his wife Willa.It is through Willas imprison ment in the basement/morgue of their home that we eventually are introduced to the previous wives and learn how suffocating the patriarchal rule has been for these women. The reader can see early on in the story Luthers lack of respect for not only his wife, but women in general. He cannot even yield his own mothers name because everyone-including his father- had called her nothing but Mrs. Nedeed(Naylor18). When his wife bears him a son he feels cannot possibly be his due to the pale coloring of his skin, he locks both the child and his wife in the basement as punishment.Ironically, it is the generations of previous pale skinned Nedeed wives that passed down this trait through Luther that produced the childs coloring, not infidelity on the part of Willa. Luther does not recognize his role in this and punishes her supposed infidelity in an attempt to turn her into a wife(Naylor19). By locking her in the basement and correct her food we see his subordination and control over his w ife. Luther is attempting to control and break her with his plan that in a few weeks she would have learned her lesson and she would then conceive again and hed get the son he should have gotten in the first place(Naylor67).Paula Eckard in her piece The Entombed Maternal in Gloria Naylors Linden Hills writes By crushing her personal will and reproductive prerogative, Luther hopes to restore patriarchal order and control. Our first introduction to Willa is a bleak one. The reader learns that the child has died while in the basement. Willa is feeling goddam and riddled with grief, willing herself to also die. What began as a search for something to wrap her son in, so when their bodies were ascertained people would know he was properly mourned, leads to Willas discovery of generations of women before her.She discovers a wedding suppress and a bible belonging to Luwana Packerville. After wrapping her son in the wedding veil, she sits down to figure out why Luwana wrote There can be n o God(Naylor93) in that bible. What began as a mere curiosity, takes Willa on a journey through three generations of Nedeed wives. As she digs deeper, she uncovers the forgotten and stamp down identities of these wives and comes to the realization that she has also become a faceless, nameless casualty of the Nedeed patriarchy.The women Luwana, Priscilla McGuire, Evelyn Creton and Willa all entered into a marriage that they thought would bring them security and even a freedom of sorts. After all, they were marrying a successful man who could offer them everything. Luwana thought the fact that she was sold to Luther was merely a formality. She quickly learned once she gave him his son that this was not the case. In her writings she says Luther told me today that I have no rights to my son(Naylor 117). This leads to her realization that I had only exchanged one master for another(Naylor 117). She was property. She had no rights, no freedoms, no individuality.She is isolated and takes to writing earn back and forth to herself as a way to cope. Willa discovers through the readings of Evelyn Cretons recipes that she attempted to regain some control over her life through her cooking. The reader discovers that Evelyn began concocting recipes for her husband using shame-weed(Naylor 147) in and effort to counter his sexual and emotional coldness towards her. When these things did not work she concocted creams in an attempt to bleach her skin. Finally, we see how hagridden and lonely she is as she begins to concoct laxatives as she describes what sounds like a bulimic pattern.As she describes her face was decorous sunken, her arms skeletal(Naylor 190) and it becomes evident that she starves herself to death. It is after discovering Priscilla McGuire that Willa undergoes a transformation a rebirth. Through pictures we discover that Priscilla entered into her marriage to Luther Nedeed happily and eagerly full of expectations. But as the pictures progress, body languag e and facial expressions tell the story of a woman who has suffered the same fate as her predecessors. As the pictures progress she slowly fades from them, and becomes insignificant and non-existent.It is here that Willa has an epiphany. Through these women she has decided that she can have a different outcome. Now that she had actually seen and accepted truth, and reality brought such a healing calm. For whatever it was worth, she could rebuild(Naylor 268). This knowledge gives her an inner peace and sets the stage for her rebirth, her reentry into the real world. Willas march up the basement stairs while carrying her dead son is one of a fiercely determined woman. Naylor uses the symbolism of comparing Willa to a lone army ant, marching in defiance of falling rocks and rushing water along the great Amazon(300).Paula Eckard writes This maternal image, wrecked and battered, also hints at the power and will that she still possesses. By marching back upstairs, Willa is attempting to take back control of her own life, inspired by generations of repressed Nedeed women. Christopher Okonkow in his piece on Linden Hills points out that Willa is reaffirming her importance in the Nedeed controlled family, a domain which would seek to bastardize and depreciate the incalculable worth of a good wife and mother.Willas journey in the basement with the other wives illustrates the importance of female camaraderie and value. The evidence of their resistance of patriarchal oppression is what gave her the strength to persevere and in the process bring down the patriarchal house of Nedeed. Willa is a heroine for sacrificing herself with the fire that brought Luther(Satan) down. It is only by exposing and bringing down generations of evils, that rebuilding can begin. passim Naylors novel we see the detrimental effects of a materialistic and patriarchal society.When people grapple the mirror in your soul(Naylor 59) it leads to an empty existence. This novel teaches the lesson th at things and status do not bring honest fulfillment in life. A happy and healthy society needs neighborhood and cultural ties with powerful spirituality and morality. By illustrating the negative implications of a patriarchal society, Naylor impresses upon the reader the importance of a strong and imperious maternal presence for the child, the family, the individual and society as a whole.

Methods of Evangelism Essay

The Intellectual Method of Evangelism referred to as The Four ghostlike Laws is beat known as the widely wontd way of evangelism used by the popular college ministry known as Campus Crusade and was first published in 1957 by founder, Bill Bright in a brochure titled Have You heard of the four Spiritual Laws? In this publication, Bright simplifies the truths of the Gospel in an adjudicate to reach as m any people as possible. What ar known as Biblical truths argon delivered as spiritual laws in order to assist people to recognize that just as we ar governed by mans laws on earth, there are in like manner spiritual laws that govern the kin between idol and man. The four spiritual laws are 1) divinity fudge loves you 2) Man is sinful and separated from divinity 3) deliverer saviour is Gods only provision for mans sin and 4) We must(prenominal) individually receive Jesus as Savior and Lord. (Bright, 2007) There are some truly evident advantages in using this method of ev angelism. It is simple and easy to follow and it starts aside on a very positive note by explaining Gods love for mankind rather than addressing the sinful cite that all of mankind is in before accepting christ.Each eyeshade also has Scripture references to fierceness or proves that the laws are from God himself. The Four Spiritual Laws has been wildly successful in winning souls for Christ and the publication itself has sold over one hundred million copies and has been translated into all the major languages of the world qualification it a consumeily available resource for an evangelism tool. (Moo, 2002) There are however several disadvantages in choosing to use this method of evangelism. By electing to start these laws out on a positive note and addressing Gods love for mankind first instead of the sinfulness and our need of a Savior, one whitethorn involve the false impression that he does not need to be saved. In addition with the references to scripture creation taken out of context of could easily misunderstand the true meaning.One such example would be the first law, God loves you and the referenced Scripture John 316 and John 1010. go God does love everyone, these Scriptures taken out of context fail to show that it is Gods disposition and one of Hisattributes to love us. And the recipient of the word may not understand that a lovable God will still judge people for their worldly sins. The main concern with the Four Spiritual Laws is that although this pamphlet although Biblically correct mentions that a person dope receive Christ through prayer. Prayer alone is not how you receive Christ. Prayer combined with Faith is what it takes to nonplus a true conversion. (Robert H. Mounce, The Book of Revelation Revised, The impertinently International Commentary on the New Testament, one thousand Rapids, MI Eerdmans, 1977, 113.)Servant EvangelismThe Relational Method of Evangelism referred to as Servant Evangelism is based on the ideal that Ch ristians are to reach others by love, compassion and service date embracing a kind heart and a generous attitude along with a loving smile. The motivation that fuels servant evangelism is Jesus, himself especially when he was speaking to His disciples from the scriptures in Matthew Chapter 25 where he tell them that they are to feed the hungry, cloth and shelter the homeless, take care of the sick and visit those in prison as if they were armed service Jesus. Servant evangelism is to a greater extent just about doing the message of the Gospel than speaking it and gasping people to Christ through those actions. (Tarjanyi, 2013) There are some strong advantages to this sort of evangelism as the perception that non-Christians may have of Christianity may be altered and they may be to a greater extent willing to remember a more positive image rather than negative one. The focus shifts to the selfless acts of compassion and service they see these Christians perform in the name of Je sus.Many non-believers that witness Christians performing acts of service are very willing to discover that there must be some other power that drives the Christian to do so. This opening can lead as an avenue to lead a person to Christ. On the other hand, by brush the physical require of a lost person and not addressing what may be causing those needs (which could easily be a sinful nature), one may run a risk of neer reaching that individual for Christ. This is a definite disadvantage of servant evangelism. At all times, the servant must remain focused just like Jesus did and always turn the needs towards God and draw those in need to the real answer to all their needs. It can become very easy to present consumed with meeting needs and lose focus of the true mission which is to lead people a blackguard closer to God.Evangelism ExplosionEvangelism Explosion is a method of evangelism in which the leaders indicate that their principles are draw directly from the Bible. This me thod is highly organized and is designed around the focal point training those won to the Lord to win, and train, others. (Davis, 2010) the technique utilizes a series of direct confrontational questions which emphasize a key point of the Gospel and the non-Christian is challenged to respond. Questions like, Do you know for sure you are going to be with God in nirvana or If God asked you , Why should God let you into Heaven? what would you advance are posed and the goal is to get the non-believer to open their mind and heart up to the Gospel message. There is a two-fold advantage to this near of evangelism. First, this type of evangelism can place a direct challenge on the Christian to become more active voice in their own community and this aspect of evangelism makes Christians become very good at communicating the Gospel message effectively.The second advantage is that this approach directly confronts the non-believer with their sinful state and refuses to allow them any way t o escape the salvation message. The non-Christian cannot dismiss Jesus as their moral teacher. They are left to sink if they will accept Him as Savior. The disadvantages of this confrontational method are also two-fold. Some may introduce that these sorts of trainings can become too rehearsed and sound memorized and scripted instead of from the heart. This may turn a non-Christian off to auditory modality the Gospel. The other issue is that the high pressure nature of the question and answer session may produce false converts. The process of going through a premeditated dialogue can tolerate much open to be criticized by many.Application of These Methods to Your Own LifeThe method of evangelism that works best(p) for me is Servant Evangelism. Although I do see that there may be several responsibilities that are also attached to this approach, this is the best way that I have been able to be the actual hands and feet of Jesus to a lost and hurting world that may otherwise not be open to hearing the Gospel message. After reading and researching many of the other techniques, I find that servanthood best suits me. As we read in 1 Corinthians Chapter 12, God gifts us each uniquely. I feel that the service is a gift. non everyone can serve with a gratefulheart. Servant Evangelism is how the Lord reached me and I am sure that furbish up is part of the reason I have such a deep connection to this technique. Matthew 25 has been pick out as my familys scripture verse and is the basis of our family mission statement. I was once a least of these and I will never forget how the Lord reached down and saved me.Telling people about what God is doing in my life is the greatest joy I have ever found. For the people God has placed in my life, servant evangelism is the perfect way to show them the Gospel message. I am an active member of an international prison ministry. Time and time again, I have heard the participants on our retreats say that people just dont do these things. I also get the privilege of serving special needs children and adults as well as traveling with a ministry that visits churches that are in involvement or struggling and every time the people see the people of God come in concert to serve, not out of our own power but from Gods power. It makes a great daze on many lives. I could not imagine living a life that was not in service to others.ReferencesBIBLIOGRAPHY Beale, G.K. The Book of Revelation. Grand Rapids Eerdmans, 1999. The new Greek Testament Commentary. Bright, Bill. Have You Heard of the Four Spiritual Laws? Peachtree City Campus Crusade, 2007. Davis, James D. THE BASICS OF EVANGELISM EXPLOSION. Sun Sentinel 25 June 2010 (updated) 4D. Judy, Tarjanyi. Simple Acts of Servant Evangelism Create atmosphere for Church Growth. Austin American Statesman 8 April 1995 E.1. CMG Corporate Services, Inc of behalf of itself and the Newspapers. Moo, Douglas J. Encountering the Book of Romans A Theological Survey. Grand Rapids Bak er Academic, 2002.